To use various wood compounds in the field of construction, you cannot do without just tools, but also without the appropriate experience. That is why inexperienced craftsmen do not always make such connections accurately. One of best options— professionals use various types of fasteners for the array, which are made of metal.
Many surviving architectural monuments made of wood were built without nails, using only an ax. This fact causes true pleasure to this day. However, centuries later, fasteners made of metal and used to build solid wood buildings have changed radically, which is precisely why today it makes no sense to repeat the experience of our ancestors.
It is preferable to build quickly and without difficulties. Let's talk in more detail about the fasteners offered by manufacturers, taking as an example details that make it possible to simplify as much as possible the connection of beams with floor joists or solid wall surfaces.
Perforated fasteners
When beams, as well as floor surface logs, are hidden in the interior space, they can be connected using beam shoes. This fastener for wood structures is suitable for fastening solid wood not just to wood, but also to concrete and brickwork. It is created from durable steel.
Manufacturers advise fastening such fasteners to the parts being connected with special screws, and in case of excessive load, or fixing to a stone material, use the holes for the necessary bolts. In addition to anchor shoes, today you can purchase special clamps and much more.
Tenon and groove
This galvanized wood fastener consists of a tongue and groove section that fit together to provide better transfer of horizontal as well as vertical forces.
The connection can be visible or hidden; for these purposes, the steel parts are recessed into special grooves in advance.
Three-dimensional slats
The modern Italian company produces fastening elements that are placed perpendicularly and vertically at an angle, using T-type slats created by extrusion from a high-strength steel alloy. They are produced in several modifications designed for different levels of loads.
The fastening system must be selected according to the size range of sections of the combined beams and the dynamic as well as static loads acting on them.
During the installation process, the slatted base is attached to the beam using self-tapping screws. Then a groove of the same size as the slatted shelf is created on the end part, attached to the base of the joist beam. If there is no perforation, the shelf is equipped with a log and the connection is secured using self-tapping screws.
Hidden details Hedgehog
These connectors are steel washers, the base of which is equipped with holes drilled under the slope. These holes are for self-tapping screws. In the center of the washer there is a threaded hole into which a pin is inserted. Its free end is threaded into a special hole and secured on the back side of the beam with a piece with an enclosed washer.
The created connection functions perfectly not only in pull-out, but also in shear. If there is excessive load in the area of the end part of the joist, it is possible to install several elements at the same time.
Fasteners with complex threads
Unusual self-tapping screws that make it possible to save time, cash, since this option does not require metal parts. Self-tapping screws are equipped with threads, which help create a high degree of resistance when pulled out, and are also tightly screwed into an array, which completely changes their traditional functioning.
In this case, the work of the screws occurs exclusively by pulling out, which gives them the opportunity to absorb most of the forces that fall on the connection. So, you can fasten elements at an angle, combine parts, minimizing their deflection, as in the photo of wood fasteners below.
Special purpose self-tapping screws
Using similar elements, fairly massive wooden products are attached. The cap has milled ribs and is easily recessed into the product, while the tip is created like a drill. In the middle of the screw, the cutter makes a larger hole, helping to tighten the element as tightly as possible.
An adjustable self-tapping screw will be useful for fastening door frames, window openings, and solid wood sheathing to wood and metal. The self-tapping screw is screwed directly into the box, as well as the wall surface located behind it, or the power part.
The self-tapping screw acts as a weather vane for high-quality fastening of solid wood cladding to a base made of steel. It has a tip in the form of a drill and wings placed above it to expand the hole in the tree.
When drilling metal products, the wings break. As a result, having made a thread in a metal part, the self-tapping screw fits tightly to it, while the solid element is attracted by its head to the metal.
Photos of wooden fasteners
The quality of furniture assembly and the reliability of its operation are largely influenced by fasteners designed to connect individual elements to each other and used for installation of products. Of course, the type and design features of the fasteners depend on the category of furniture and the conditions of its use.
Modern industry offers sufficient quantity new fastening accessories that greatly facilitate the assembly of furniture and increase the durability of its use in the most unfavorable conditions. For example, kitchen samples made from cheap particle board are more likely to fail through panel delamination or peeling. decorative covering than they will fail due to poor quality or reliability of fasteners.
Today, with industrial and self-production For furniture products, quite a few types of fasteners are used, differing in functionality, method of fixation, size and protective coating.
Fastener categories
If half a century ago the main elements for assembly components furniture were wooden dowels, and installation of various pieces on site was carried out using nails or screws, today the range of accessories for connecting individual parts and elements of furniture has expanded significantly.
Modern fastening and connecting parts can be divided into several categories, including both highly specialized products and universal fittings:
The most common types of furniture fasteners
Let's consider the most common groups of connecting and fastening fittings for furniture, the features of their installation and operation.
Screws with a semicircular or decorative head and bolts with a fixing mustache or square head are the main types used for fastening individual panels of frame furniture. Thanks to the fixing mustache or square head, the bolt (screw) is fixed in the hole of the particle board, which prevents it from turning. Due to this design feature The assembler has the ability to tighten the nut without additional fixation of the screw.
Universal screws with a countersunk or semi-countersunk head have slots of various shapes (cross, hexagon socket, straight slot and others) and are intended for fastening individual assembly parts inside furniture structures. They are used for:
On a note!
When using universal screws, either screwdrivers with replaceable bits or sets of screwdrivers with replaceable tips are used.
Confirmats (euroscrews) in modern production furniture are the most popular type of fastening and fixing devices. This type is used for fastening any parts made of chipboard or MDF panels.
Before screwing in the Euroscrews, holes are pre-drilled in the parts using a special confirmatory drill, the diameter of which depends on the diameter of the fixing element. To screw this type of fastener, use either special bits or screwdrivers with seed tips. The type of bit or attachment depends on the type of slot.
Eccentrics are another fitting, bearing the somewhat exotic name of rasteks and minifixes, which allow you to connect and attract panels located at right angles to each other. Despite the obvious advantages of this category of fasteners, their main disadvantages are:
- the need for additional milling of furniture panels to install individual fasteners;
- relatively high cost.
- high precision of marking and difficulty in installing individual fasteners;
On a note!
To install individual minifix parts you will need three various types woodworking tools - one end mill and two drills of different diameters.
Furniture corners have proven themselves to be a reliable, easy-to-install element. Today they can be made either of metal or of special, high-strength plastic. At industrial production The color of the plastic corner is matched to the color of the furniture.
Modern furniture dowels are made of wood, plastic or metal. Their main advantages are low cost and ease of connection. furniture parts between themselves. To increase the reliability of the connection, there is a corrugation on the surface of the dowels.
Special types of fastening accessories
Today, furniture, individual parts of which are made of glass sheets or in the form of mirrors, is becoming increasingly popular. If ten years ago glass was mainly used as doors on furniture cabinets and display cases or doors on racks and shelves, today you won’t surprise anyone with a glass top on a coffee table or dining table.
To connect glass parts with furniture elements made of other materials, special types of fittings are used, which are attached to glass surfaces using special adhesives, by tightening clamps with rubber gaskets or by drilling holes in the glass. When choosing this category of fittings, you must pay attention to the weight that it can withstand, which is specifically stated in the instructions for its use.
This review will focus on new furniture fittings.
The question of how and with what to fix something on a wall or ceiling interests many people. Previously, everything was simpler - nothing was used in the household except nails, dowels and screws. Now times are different - different repair and construction technologies are being used, which has led to an increase in the variety of fasteners. In this article, together with the website, we will study all the main fasteners of our time, understand their purpose and decide in which cases it is advisable to use one or another fastener.
Existing types of fasteners
Fasteners: types of self-tapping screws
There are not so many varieties of self-tapping screws. They can be classified only according to three main characteristics: by the material into which they are screwed, by size and purpose.
Based on materials, self-tapping screws are divided into two subtypes:
- metal screws;
- wood screws.
There shouldn't be any questions here. Both self-tapping screws can be produced in different lengths, diameters, and they can also have different thread pitches. As a rule, types of screws for metal are distinguished by a fine thread pitch, while the same product is intended for fastening wooden products, has a large thread pitch.
Types of self-tapping screws photo
It should also be noted that metal screws can be of two types - self-drilling and those that require preliminary drilling of the metal to tighten. The first ones have a small drill at the tip - its size characterizes the thickness of the metal into which these products can be screwed. A prominent representative of such self-tapping screws are the well-known “tex”, which are used for connecting. As for the second subgroup of screws for metal, these include the black self-tapping screw used for attaching drywall to the profile.
In addition to the above, all self-tapping screws can be classified according to purpose. Roofing fasteners of this type and general-purpose screws can be divided into a separate group. Roofing screws have a wide head with a press washer that seals the hole to prevent water from flowing through it. By the way, self-tapping screws for the profile, which are used during installation plasterboard structures, refer to general purpose products.
Wood screws photo
Anchor: types and application
Quite a lot of people try to use this fastener for other purposes. For example, quite often they are used to try to attach objects to. The result of this, as a rule, is frayed nerves and huge holes left after removing them from the wall. It should be remembered that the anchor is a pin and is intended for use in, and in soft materials they simply scroll.
Now let's talk about the types of anchors. It is difficult to classify them, since they have general purpose. In this regard, only three types of anchors can be distinguished: these are the fastening anchor, the hook anchor and the loop anchor. The first can be called universal, the second are designed to hang objects on them, and the third to cling to something.
Fasteners: anchors
All anchor screws can also be divided into two parts according to their design (the principle of their expansion). In one case, the anchor may have a bolt with a wedge at the end (they are clamped with a nut), and in another case, the wedge itself is a nut (tightened by rotating the bolt). All anchors are produced in a fixed range of standard sizes - the smallest has a length of 50mm, and the diameter can be 6 or 8mm. The largest anchor measures 400mm in length and 22mm in diameter.
The question of how to install an anchor bolt is very simple to solve - the main thing is to choose the right drill size. If the anchor has a diameter of 10mm, then you need to drill the hole with a drill of the same diameter - you should not expect that the anchor will clamp into a 12mm hole. It won't happen no matter how hard you try. It also doesn’t cost anything to wrap around anchors – there’s no point in it. Then it’s simple - the anchor is inserted into the hole and clamped with all force with a screwdriver or open-end wrench.
Anchor sizes
Dowels: purpose and types
There are only three varieties of these fasteners - a metal dowel (familiar to almost everyone since childhood), a mounting one with a plastic plug, and a spacer one, which is scientifically called a “Bierbach dowel.” Let's start in order.
How to attach objects to drywall: molly
There is a single fastener that allows you to attach anything to drywall. People call it “Molly” from the name of the manufacturer that developed this fastener. This mount consists of two parts - a hollow folding tube with slots and a nut at the end and a screw. As the screw is screwed in, the tube is folded and crimped on one side and the other of the drywall.
There are two types of such fastenings - metal and plastic molly screws. Metal is certainly more reliable - it is mounted using special pliers. To install plastic fasteners, just drill a hole with a diameter of 8mm, insert the fastener into it and tighten the self-tapping screw.
Fasteners Molly photo
It should be understood that only light products can be hung on “clean” drywall in this way. If we're talking about about objects of medium weight, then in the place of their fastening it is necessary to install a mortgage profile. It is better to install things that are too heavy (for example, a TV) using pins with collets or long anchor screws.
To conclude the topic, I would like to devote a few words to studs with collets, which are used to fasten something at a great distance from the plane. With their help, it is quite easy to hang large and bulky objects from the ceiling. This fastener consists of two individual parts- studs and collets. As the pin is screwed into the collet, the latter unclenches and wedges into a preliminarily drilled hole. The studs can have different diameters and a standard length of 1 m.
Types of molly fasteners
These are the fasteners used in modern renovation and construction. In addition to the fasteners described above, there are other less common, but at the same time unique products of their kind - they are called specialized, and they are used to solve narrow-profile problems. Of course, we should also mention screws and bolts, but everyone knows about them, and these fasteners differ only in length, diameter and thread pitch.
Fasteners, otherwise called hardware, are one of the most widely used parts. Everyone knows what fasteners are and for what purposes they are used.
Their significance when carrying out construction work and in the economy it is difficult to overestimate. The term "hardware" arose from the abbreviation of the phrase "metal products."
There are two types of fasteners: detachable and permanent. The fastener industry is constantly growing, and the variety of fasteners used is very wide. The reason is that these parts are an indispensable attribute of any development in the field of mechanical engineering. The standard for fasteners is regulated in the GOST document “Fasteners. Terms and Definitions. GOST 27017-86”.
Let's take a closer look at what types of fasteners there are.
Anchor
An anchor is a fastener designed to connect structures and products. It is also customary to call a part that is partially concreted into any structure.
Types of anchors:
- ceiling;
- driving;
- wedge;
- frame;
- with a half ring;
- with ring;
- with nut.
What unites these parts is the function they perform - fasteners. Thus, a drive-in anchor with an internal thread and a cone-shaped wedge is needed to secure materials and equipment to brick or concrete. Installing such an anchor is simple: it is installed in a hole that has already been drilled earlier. The radius and depth of such a hole are selected based on the size of the anchor.
The wedge anchor is used for quick fastening in concrete, a common material for structures such as planks, profiles, dropped ceilings. This type of anchor is often used to secure heavy equipment to solid foundations. To install a wedge anchor, a hole is drilled in the concrete, into which the anchor is driven with a hammer, after which it is tightened with a nut. Ceiling anchors made of galvanized steel fix metal profiles, facades, railings, gratings on a concrete or stone base without cracks.
The frame anchor is designed for fastening frames and door frames from wood and metal to a brick or concrete base.
Bolt
Bolts are cylindrical metal fasteners with a metric external thread and a head at one end, usually designed for nuts. The bolt head can be hexagonal, cylinder or spherical. Bolts allow you to create a connection using a nut or a pre-made threaded hole in the part to be connected.
A stepped bolt differs in that the diameter of its thread is smaller than the diameter of the smooth part. A foundation bolt has a specially shaped head that helps secure equipment directly to the foundation.
The most widespread type is a bolt with a hexagon-shaped head for a wrench. Bolt sizes may vary.
A fastener such as a bolt is usually inserted into a pre-made through hole of the parts to be fastened, then a nut is screwed onto the thread, and the parts are tightened with a wrench. The friction force allows the connection to be secured. To transfer part of the load to the bolt, maximum precision in manufacturing the rod and the hole for it in the parts is required. To prevent parts from becoming deformed, washers are placed under the bolt head and nut. Bolt sizes allow you to find the right fastener for any task.
Nail
The material for making ordinary nails is steel and steel wire. The marking of nails includes two numbers: the first is the diameter of the rod, the second is the length of the rod in millimeters. The head of the nail can be either smooth or grooved. Screw, club and corrugated nails are distinguished by the presence of helical, longitudinal and transverse grooves, burrs or dents on the rod. Such nails have greater resistance to pulling out.
Hardened steel nails can be driven into brick and concrete walls. True, when working with them, it is necessary to take into account their increased fragility. For fastening to rigid bases, roofing felt, wallpaper, and plaster nails are used. They are available with a flat head, wider than conventional nails, and a shorter shank. In aggressive environments, copper nails can be used, which are almost not subject to corrosion, as well as galvanized or alloy steel.
The operation of hammering nails has its own specifics. In order for the nail to be driven in efficiently, you need to follow a number of requirements.
To prevent dents from appearing on the parts during nailing, you need to use a countersink. In order for the fastening to be strong, the nail shaft must enter 2/3 of the length into the lower part being fastened. When driving small nails, it is best to use auxiliary tools. To make the joints of the parts being connected stronger, it is better to drive the nail at an angle. When using thick nails, to avoid splitting the board, you need to slightly blunt their sharp ends. If you plan to hang any weight on a nail being driven into the wall, it should be driven not perpendicular to the wall, but at an angle from top to bottom.
A nail that has penetrated through must be carefully bent using a triangular file. In order not to damage the surface of the parts when pulling out nails using pliers, you need to use a plate that is placed under the pliers, reducing the pressure on the part. If you plan to dismantle parts in the future, it is preferable to use screws rather than nails.
In some cases, liquid nails are used to fasten products. They are made from polymer materials and rubber. Liquid nails can provide sufficient fastener strength no worse than metal nails. One drop of nails of this type can withstand a force of 50 kg. But their main advantage is maintaining integrity decorative surface. The scope of application of liquid nails is very wide. They are used for gluing wall and ceiling panels, plasterboard, chipboard, fiberboard, wood, cardboard, ceramics, stucco decorations, glass, metal and many other materials to a variety of surfaces.
When purchasing liquid nails you need to be careful. Different brands of this material have a certain degree of adhesion.
It is advisable to use liquid nails:
- with high room humidity;
- for temperatures not lower than -10 0 C.
For example, neutral nails are harmless because they are based on a water solution. However, they cannot be used to glue metal. They don't like sub-zero temperatures either. Nails made with organic solvents have increased setting speed and can withstand temperatures down to -20°C. Their disadvantage is the presence of volatile harmful substances in their composition. Within 5 days after use they emit an unpleasant odor. Liquid nails set in 15 to 30 minutes, depending on the brand. However, they completely polymerize only after a day.
Screws
In order for screws to fully perform their function as reliable fasteners, it is necessary to choose their size and type correctly. So, screws are fasteners for wooden structures. Their rod tapers towards the end and performs the function of a drill. This type of fastener cannot be driven in like nails - they are screwed in completely. Before using small screws, a puncture is first made using an awl. Large screws will be easier to screw if you first drill a hole of a slightly smaller diameter.
Screws are used to connect metal structures. The screw head helps to press the parts being connected, and its shape is chosen so that the screw can be easily tightened using wrench or a screwdriver. Screw heads can be hexagonal, semicircular or countersunk. The flat end of the screw has a chamfer to prevent thread entry.
A screw is a fastener that is screwed into a threaded hole. In some cases, a hole is drilled at the end of the screw for the use of a cotter pin - a wire rod with a semicircular cross-section, bent almost in half. The cotter pin serves to prevent spontaneous unscrewing of the fastener.
Often a washer is installed between the part and the nut, the internal hole of which allows the screw rod to pass through it. If the screw is rusty, a hammer or special crimps are used to remove it. Heating the nut can often help with this. gas burner or a blowtorch. If open fire is prohibited for some reason, you can use a hot iron rod or a large soldering iron.
screw
A nut is a type of fastener with a threaded hole cut inside. The most widely used are galvanized nuts. The shape of the nuts can be hexagonal, round with a notch, square, with protrusions for fingers. The main purpose of a nut is to connect parts using a bolt.
Types of nuts:
- hexagonal;
- square;
- "lamb";
- flanged with a groove for a cotter pin in the shape of a cap;
- T-shaped, with a plastic insert.
It is also worth noting that nuts are also divided by strength class in accordance with the bolts with which it is used.
Dowel
Dowels are used for fastening in solid wall foundations. Dowel fastening is based on the principle of friction, which occurs due to the expansion of the fastener during installation, creating a holding force. The dowel is capable of withstanding large static loads. When installing with dowels, the fastener is destroyed during the pulling process. The dowel is made from polymers. Their physical and mechanical properties can vary greatly depending on various factors. These are the characteristics of the filler, the ratio of components, and the parameters of the binder. The disadvantages of polymers include low heat resistance, tendency to deform under load, and aging.
Only screws correctly selected for the dowel can withstand the maximum load. They must have the maximum permissible length and diameter corresponding to the length and thickness of the dowel. When using other fasteners, the thread profile is of great importance, since it determines the expansion effect. The use of self-tapping screws and self-tapping screws for fastening drywall sheets is not recommended.
A number of manufacturers produce dowels that allow the installation of screws with metric threads. The greatest locking is achieved with a dowel in concrete, stone and other solid hard materials. It must be taken into account that the hole for installing the dowel must be drilled in accordance with the recommendations for depth, diameter and distance from the edge. There should be no cracks or chips as a result of drilling the hole. The hole must also be cleared of debris and dust.
Among the offerings of manufacturing companies, you can find varieties of dowels that have an increased length, necessary for soft and hollow materials. When installed in such a base, fastening can be achieved by fixing the internal stop of the parts. For installations occurring in hollow materials, fastening is based on a combination of friction and internal stop. It is necessary to take into account all the factors that determine the reliability of fastening in all their interrelationships.
Rivet
A part such as a combined type blind rivet consists of an aluminum body and a rod made of galvanized steel. This design is the most common. The purpose of a rivet is to connect two or more surfaces of a thin sheet. The need for a rivet arises in cases where a permanent connection using a power tool is required, when access on the side of the closing head of the rivet is limited or blocked.
There is also a rivet nut - a fastener that is widely used in mechanical engineering and electronics. The rivet nut is designed to create threaded connections in metal materials and other thin materials of high strength. Among the rivets, steel rivets are the most durable. Steel rivets are protected from corrosion by galvanizing.
Threaded rivets differ from conventional blind rivets in that they not only connect sheet materials, but also have an internal screw thread.
High-quality threaded rivets are installed in places where it is difficult to reach using such a simple tool as a rivet gun.
Since the choice of lengths and diameters of rivets is very wide, the search for the one best suited for the task must be carried out according to the markings on the product.
Self-tapping screw
To fasten thin metal parts to wooden or plastic surfaces, self-tapping screws with fine threads are used. Fastening of insulation, fiberboard, and wooden parts is done with self-tapping screws with large threads. Having a drill-shaped tip, it is capable of independently making holes in parts to be fastened. If a self-tapping screw is screwed into a hole drilled in advance, self-tapping screws with a sharp tip are used. A universal black self-tapping screw is used to fasten plasterboard sheets to tin profiles. Universal self-tapping screw white used for fastening steel, plastic and wooden materials. Self-tapping screws are the most widely used fasteners for wooden structures.
Washer
The washer is made from cold rolled steel strip. It is a round plate with an internal hole and is used to increase the strength of bolted joints by placing it under the bolt head or nut. Thanks to the rivet, the pressing surface of the parts to be fastened increases, which helps protect the joined surfaces from deformation when the nut is tightened.
Hairpin
A stud is a fastener that has the shape of a cylindrical rod with external threads cut either along its entire length or at the ends. This connection is used if none of the materials involved in the connection have threads. The connection is then secured with a nut, sometimes supplemented with a washer. The use of studs as fasteners is harmful appearance products.
Screw
A screw is a fastener in the form of a rod with an external thread with a conical tip and a head at the other end. It has the ability to create new threads in plastic or wood products. Screws are hardware and fasteners that are most widely used in construction and finishing work. They also cannot be replaced during the installation of plasterboard sheets on a frame made of metal or wood.
Various types of screws are also used in roofing and facade work for connecting metal sheets. The roofing screw has a hexagonal head and is equipped with ordinary and sealing washers, the latter made of weather-resistant rubber. This type of screw is painted and comes in 18 colors, helping to give the building an aesthetically pleasing appearance.
Each type of fastener is produced to perform specific functions. This explains the wide variety that fasteners offer. The price of hardware varies and can range from 2-3 rubles to several thousand rubles per piece, but they are often sold by the kilogram.
Fasteners are intended for specific materials and parts. So, using certain types of fasteners, you can connect metal with drywall, two metal products, or metal with wooden parts.
Drywall has become a popular building material. After all, it’s easy to work with if you have everything you need. One of the main elements of plasterboard structures is fasteners. If you choose the right screws for drywall, the structure will be strong and durable.
What fasteners are used in plasterboard structures?
Plasterboard structures include several materials - gypsum board ( plasterboard sheet), metal profile, wooden spacers (if necessary, reinforcement). In addition, the structure itself must be attached to load-bearing wall. It can be wooden or concrete (brick). The variety of materials used entails the need to use various hardware.
Fasteners for gypsum boards
Before installation, it is necessary to determine which screws to attach the drywall to the profile. This depends on the frame material to which the sheets will be attached.
Self-tapping drywall screws for metal are a screw with a cone-shaped shaft that is pointed at the end. They are used for attaching gypsum boards to a metal profile. If the metal thickness exceeds 0.7 mm, then profile screws with a drill at the end are suitable, instead of the usual point. They are used for profiles with a wall thickness of 07-2.2 mm.
1 - for metal; 2 - on wood
Self-tapping wood screws are an analogue of metal screws. Their difference is the thread pitch. Wood self-tapping screws have a larger thread pitch compared to metal screws and are used for fastening gypsum boards to a wooden structure.
Self-tapping screws for metal profiles
Self-tapping screws for drywall profiles, due to their small size, received the nicknames “bugs”, “fleas” or “seeds”. They have dimensions: length from 9.5 to 11 mm, diameter from 3.5 to 3.9 mm. The shape of the head is a hemisphere or half-cylinder with a cross-shaped slot.
If the metal thickness does not exceed 1.2 mm, then you can use a self-tapping screw for a drywall profile with a pointed end; for larger thicknesses, a screw with a drill at the end is used. Such screws successfully drill holes in profiles up to 2 mm thick.
Fasteners for attaching the frame to the wall
A dowel-nail is used to fasten structural frame elements to concrete or brick wall. Optimal size: diameter 6 mm, length 37 mm.
An anchor bolt has the same purpose as a dowel-nail, but is used in cases where it is necessary to achieve a stronger and more durable fastening.
Wood screws are used to attach the structure frame to wooden walls.
Differences between self-tapping screws for drywall
When purchasing fastening materials, you may encounter a problem - how to choose self-tapping screws for drywall. After all, modern Construction Materials are manufactured taking into account the smallest factors. To solve this problem, you need to take a closer look at technical characteristics fasteners.
Classification of self-tapping screws for gypsum boards:
- Depending on the material, fastenings can be made of wood or metal. Their main difference is the thread pitch.
- To size. Each screw has its own marking, consisting of two numbers. The first number means the diameter of the screw, the second the length of the rod. For drywall, use 3.5x25 self-tapping screws in one layer, and 3.5x35 in two layers.
- The shape of the screw head can be countersunk, spherical or hemispherical. To fasten the gypsum boards, screws with a countersunk head and a cross-head slot are used.
- Material of manufacture: there are steel, brass and steel with a protective coating (zinc and phosphate). Steel is durable, but susceptible to corrosion. Brass is resistant to corrosion, but has low mechanical strength. Steel with a protective coating - durable and resistant to corrosion.
The screw material can be determined by color:
- White ones are brass or galvanized steel.
- Yellow – oxidized (stainless).
- Black – hardened steel.
The cutter is an alternative to screws
Elements metal frame under gypsum plasterboard the structure is usually fastened with self-tapping screws “bugs”. This method is durable, but requires a relatively long time to screw in the screw. This problem was solved with the advent of the cutter.
A cutter is a mechanism that works on the principle of ordinary scissors, but instead of blades it has a spike that pierces metal. To fasten two frame elements, you need to put them on top of each other, install the cutter in the right place and press the levers. Bonding occurs due to the fact that the metal bends into the hole and wedges itself.
When using a cutter, you don’t need to think about which screws to attach the profile for drywall, because they are completely absent there.
Advantages of the cutter:
- speed of fastening;
- does not require electricity;
- no protrusions at fastening points.
Its disadvantages:
- the strength of the connection is inferior to self-tapping screws, but sufficient to erect gypsum board structures;
- There are many low-quality fakes on the market that quickly fail.
Types of drywall fastenings
To attach any element to a gypsum board structure, various dowels or drywall anchors are used.
The plastic dowel has a body with a thread and a drill at the end. It is screwed into the gypsum board without pre-drilling. Then a metal screw is screwed into the plastic, which will secure the element being installed.
A metal dowel has the same operating principle as a plastic one, but is more durable.
The butterfly dowel is inserted into the hole in the gypsum board, and when the screw is screwed in, the dowel expands in the space behind the sheet.
The molly dowel for drywall works on a similar principle to the butterfly dowel. However, it is made of metal, so it can withstand heavy loads. To install a molly dowel, you need to insert it into a hole in the drywall, screw the screw in until it stops - this will cause it to open, then unscrew the screw and attach the element to be installed.
The main types of screws, dowels, and fastening methods that are used when working with drywall were listed. All of them differ in their operating principle, technical and operational characteristics. Undoubtedly, there are many alternative, perhaps even more reliable and convenient technologies. If you have one of these techniques, you can tell us about them in the comments - it will helpful information for beginners, and maybe even for professionals.
