Presentation urban and rural population. Urban and rural population

Urban and rural

population

Presentation for a geography lesson in 9th grade

Geography teacher, Municipal Educational Institution Secondary School No. 7, Komsomolsk-on-Amur

Plan lesson

Settlement.
Types settlements.
Urbanization, degree of urbanization.
History of the creation of Russian cities.
Cities of Russia (classification by population and functions).
Urban agglomeration.
Rural Russia.

Settlement

it is the result of the settlement process, that is, the totality of settlements in a given territory.

Settlement

dispersed

settlements

single-family residential units (farms)

compactly built-up area with necessary equipment for people's life and work

Types of settlements

Settlements

rural

urban

village

cities

villages

urban

type

farm

village

Urbanization

Urbanization - growth of cities and urban population, strengthening of their role and spread

urban lifestyle.

The urbanization process is caused by the following reasons:

the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society due to the development industrial production;
development of non-productive city-forming activities;
agricultural intensification

and a reduction in employment there.

Ancient Rus' was a country of cities.

The Normans called Rus' “Gardarika”, i.e. "country of cities"

The first cities arose in the 1st millennium AD. In the 9th century V

chronicles mention the cities of Novgorod, Rostov the Great, Smolensk, Murom. By the 12th century there were already about 150 cities. During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, more than 2/3 of the cities were destroyed and

almost 1/3 of them were not revived.

Novgorod the Great

Rostov Veliky

History of the creation of Russian cities

During the time of Peter I, many new cities were founded. Everyone knows about the “window to Europe” - St. Petersburg. And under Catherine II it was changed territorial division Russia, 500 counties were created, for which county centers were established. Many villages (165) received city status.

Petersburg

History of the creation of Russian cities

In the 19th century, cities, as strongholds, were formed on the borders of the Russian Empire: on Far East(Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk), in the Caucasus (Grozny, Vladikavkaz).

More than 600 cities were formed after the October Revolution. Most industrial centers arose in Siberia, the North, and the Far East.

Blagoveshchensk

Vladivostok

History of the creation of Russian cities

In the middle of the twentieth century. Near major cities cities of science - “science cities” - arose (near Moscow - Dubna, Reutov, Zelenograd, Troitsk, etc.). Resort cities grew in Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (Yalta, Sochi). Cities appeared - centers of the military industry, the so-called closed cities (ghost cities).

Levels of urbanization

!! Working with Appendix No. 1 of the textbook (pp. 282-289). Using the table data, write down the subjects of the Russian Federation that have the most high level urbanization (85% or more) and the lowest level of urbanization (30% or less).

Explain the features of urbanization in these constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Levels of urbanization

highly urbanized

mid-urban

Which group of countries in terms of urbanization level does Russia belong to?

semi-urbanized

from 20 to 50%

Ratio of urban and rural population

Cities of Russia

Urban residents in Russia are considered to be residents of cities and urban-type settlements.

City in Russia, a settlement with a population of at least 12 thousand people is considered, provided that 85% of its residents are employees, as well as members of their families (i.e., they perform primarily non-agricultural functions).

Urban settlement A settlement with a population of at least 3 thousand people is considered, provided that 85% of its inhabitants are not engaged in agriculture.

PGT Zaoksky

Classification of cities

Classification of cities by population:

small- up to 50 thousand people
average- up to 100 thousand people
big- up to 250 thousand people
large- up to 500 thousand people
largest- up to 1 million people
millionaire cities

2007 1095 populated

have

city status

Cities of Russia

Cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people.

Analyze the map.

Write down the names of millionaire cities in your notebook. How many millionaire cities are there in Russia? Which regions of Russia have the most millionaire cities?

Where are the cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people located?

Functions of cities

Functions of settlements - This is the role, the purpose of settlements in society.

Classification of cities by function

political-administrative

scientific

industrial

military

transport

trading

recreational

If a city performs several functions simultaneously, such a city is multifunctional

Give examples of cities in Russia that perform each function and multifunctional cities.

Urban agglomeration

Urban agglomerations - These are groups of closely located cities, united by close ties: labor, cultural, social, production, and infrastructure.

Urban agglomeration

!! Determine from the map which large cities the urban agglomerations were formed around. What satellite cities do these cities have?

Rural Russia

Analyze the map. Where are the majority of large rural settlements located? Why?

Zonal specificity of rural settlements.

Rural Russia

Practical work.

Using the text of the textbook (Alekseev A.I., § 17), atlas maps, fill out the table “Features of rural settlements.”

Natural areas

1.Tundra and forest-tundra

Features of the farm

1.Tundra and forest-tundra

2. Northern part of the forest zone

Pasture reindeer husbandry, hunting, fishing

Nature of rural settlement

2. Northern part of the forest zone

3. Southern part of the forest zone

Logging, livestock farming on water meadows, several% of the entire territory is plowed.

Ecological problems

3. Southern part of the forest zone

Rarely focal with large villages along the river banks

Ecological problems

4.Forest-steppe and steppe zone

Selective nature of farming, 30-40% of the territory is plowed

Ochagovy with large villages along the river banks

Disturbance and change of landscape, trampling of vegetation

Ways to solve them

4.Forest-steppe and steppe zone

Allocation of areas for reindeer husbandry, hunting licenses

Continuous agricultural development

The network of settlements is dense, but the settlements are small (up to 100 people)

Destruction of forests, disturbance of landscapes, trampling of vegetation

5.Dry steppes and semi-deserts

The networks of settlements are less dense, the settlements themselves are larger (up to 1000 people or more).

Changing poor soils, trampling vegetation

Correct technological process during logging, allocation of pastures

Localized farming near water sources

6.Mountain areas

Allocation of areas for arable land and grazing, application of fertilizers to the soil.

Changes in landscapes, pollution of water bodies during agricultural work

Large villages near rivers, far from each other (like in the tundra)

Recreational functions, agriculture in river valleys, livestock raising on mountain slopes

The latest agrotechnical and rational technologies, land reclamation

Changes in landscapes, trampling of plants, deterioration and salinization of soils, pollution of water bodies.

Large settlements in valleys, small settlements on mountain slopes

Changes in landscapes from recreational use, from agricultural development

Rational use natural resources

Rational use of recreational and agricultural resources.

Komi-Zyryans. Komi-Permyaks. Traditional clothing Sami Culture. Physiographic location. Poles. Population. Basic means of transportation. Traditional crafts of the Sami. Karelians. Weaving. Most Nenets are reindeer herders. Traditional activities of the Nenets. Composition of the region. National clothes. The village of Lovozero. Housing is awesome. Lapps. Karelian language. Jouhikko. Sami. Karelian hut. European North.

“Scientific Complex of Russia” - Cooperation of scientific institutions for organizing research. 18% of the world's scientists. Technopolis -. Historical. Research institutes, laboratories. Moscow. Scientific complex. Geography of the scientific complex. Consumers of scientific developments are located in large cities. Scientific knowledge. Contribution of Russian scientists to the development of world civilization. Factory sector. Implementation zone. Now the number of employees. University education sector.

"Omsk" - Religion. 85 religious organizations are registered. National composition of the population according to the 2010 All-Russian Census: Economics. Omsk. 56.1% of all residents live in Omsk Omsk region. Population. Coat of arms. The basis of the city's industry is the mechanical engineering, petrochemical and aerospace industries. The description of the coat of arms read: “At the top of the shield is the coat of arms of Tobolsk. Large transport hub.

"Angarsk" - Angarsk petrochemical company. Angarsk is important node pipeline transport. It is a city of regional level (subordination) and the administrative center of the Angarsk region. “Angarsk is a city born of victory!” Population. Industry. The Trans-Siberian Railway and the federal highway M53 “Baikal” pass through the region. Angarsk also has road, electric and rail transport.

“Economy of the Central Region of Russia” - Business card of the Central Region. Industrial model of the economy. The method of sitting at the computer. Describe the farm. Working at the computer. Wires. Cost of goods and services. Do not touch the monitor screen. Computer. District-locomotive. Avoid sudden movements. Composition of services provided in the Central region. Be careful. Safety precautions and workplace organization.

“Peoples of Eastern Siberia” - Semeysky - Old Believers of Transbaikalia, an ethnographic group of Russians. Siberian peasants dressed with pretense of smartness. The traditional dwelling of the Altaians is the ail. Throat singing. Tuvans have preserved their national identity. Peoples of Eastern Siberia. National Costume Buryat. Historical and ethnographic map of Siberia. Cloth. The Evenks trained deer. Small people - Evenks. Tuvans. Russians.

Slide 1

Urban and rural population Presentation for a geography lesson in 9th grade Zinovieva E.L., geography teacher, Secondary School No. 18, Moscow

Slide 2

Lesson plan Settlement. Types of settlements. Urbanization, degree of urbanization. History of the creation of Russian cities. Cities of Russia (classification by population and functions). Urban agglomeration. Rural Russia.

Slide 3

Settlement is the result of the settlement process, that is, a collection of settlements in a given territory. Resettlement single-family residential areas (farms) compactly built-up area with the necessary equipment for people’s life and work

Slide 4

Types of settlements Settlements rural urban cities urban settlements stanitsa khutor settlement village village aul

Slide 5

Urbanization Urbanization is the growth of cities and urban populations, the strengthening of their role and the spread of the urban lifestyle. The urbanization process is caused by the following reasons: the transition from an agricultural to an industrial society due to the development of industrial production; development of non-productive city-forming activities; intensification of agriculture and reduction of employment in it.

Slide 6

History of the creation of Russian cities Ancient Rus' was a country of cities. The Normans called Rus' “Gardarika”, i.e. "country of cities" The first cities arose in the 1st millennium AD. In the 9th century the chronicles mention the cities of Novgorod, Rostov the Great, Smolensk, Murom. By the 12th century there were already about 150 cities. During the Mongol-Tatar invasion, more than 2/3 of the cities were destroyed and almost 1/3 of them were not revived. Novgorod Veliky Rostov Veliky Murom

Slide 7

During the time of Peter I, many new cities were founded. Everyone knows about the “window to Europe” - St. Petersburg. And under Catherine II, the territorial division of Russia was changed, 500 counties were created, for which county centers were established. Many villages (165) received city status. History of the creation of Russian cities St. Petersburg

Slide 8

History of the creation of Russian cities In the 19th century, cities, as strongholds, were formed on the borders of the Russian Empire: in the Far East (Vladivostok, Blagoveshchensk), in the Caucasus (Grozny, Vladikavkaz). More than 600 cities were formed after the October Revolution. Most industrial centers arose in Siberia, the North, and the Far East. Vladivostok Blagoveshchensk Vladikavkaz

Slide 9

The history of the creation of Russian cities in the middle of the twentieth century. Cities of science - “science cities” - appeared near large cities (near Moscow - Dubna, Reutov, Zelenograd, Troitsk, etc.). Resort cities grew in Crimea, on the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus (Yalta, Sochi). Cities appeared - centers of the military industry, the so-called closed cities (ghost cities). Yalta

Slide 10

Levels of urbanization weakly urbanized medium urbanized highly urbanized up to 20% from 20 to 50% over 50% Which group of countries does Russia belong to by level of urbanization? Ratio of urban and rural population Levels of urbanization!! Working with Appendix No. 1 of the textbook (pp. 282-289). Using the table data, write down the subjects of the Russian Federation that have the highest level of urbanization (85% or more) and the lowest level of urbanization (30% or less). Explain the features of urbanization in these constituent entities of the Russian Federation.

Slide 11

Slide 12

A city in Russia is considered a settlement with a population of at least 12 thousand people, provided that 85% of its residents are employees, as well as members of their families (i.e., they perform primarily non-agricultural functions). An urban-type settlement is considered to be a settlement with a population of at least 3 thousand people, provided that 85% of its residents are not engaged in agriculture. Urban residents in Russia are considered to be residents of cities and urban-type settlements. Cities of Russia PGT Zaoksky Tver Kaluga

Slide 13

Classification of cities by population: small - up to 50 thousand people medium - up to 100 thousand people large - up to 250 thousand people large - up to 500 thousand people largest - up to 1 million people millionaire cities Classification of cities in Russia as of January 1 2007, 1095 settlements have the status of the city of Irkutsk

Slide 14

Cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people. Cities of Russia Analyze the map. Where are the cities with a population of more than 500 thousand people located? Write down the names of millionaire cities in your notebook. How many millionaire cities are there in Russia? Which regions of Russia have the most millionaire cities?

Slide 15

Functions of cities The functions of settlements are the role and purpose of settlements in society. Classification of cities by function political-administrative industrial transport trade scientific military recreational If a city performs several functions simultaneously, such a city is multifunctional. Give examples of Russian cities that perform each function and multifunctional cities.

Slide 16

Urban agglomeration Urban agglomerations are groups of closely located cities united by close ties: labor, cultural, social, production, and infrastructure.

Slide 17

!! Determine from the map which large cities the urban agglomerations were formed around. What satellite cities do these cities have? Urban agglomeration

Slide 18

Rural Russia Analyze the map. Where are the majority of large rural settlements located? Why?

Slide 19

Practical work. Using the text of the textbook (Alekseev A.I., § 17), atlas maps, fill out the table “Features of rural settlements.” Zonal specificity of rural settlements. Rural Russia Natural zones Features of the economy Nature of rural settlement Environmental problems Ways to solve them 1. Tundra and forest-tundra 2. Northern part of the forest zone 3. Southern part of the forest zone 4. Forest-steppe and steppe zone 5. Dry steppes and semi-deserts 6. Mountain areas Natural zones Features economy Nature of rural settlement Environmental problems Ways to solve them 1. Tundra and forest-tundra Pasture reindeer husbandry, hunting, fishing Rarely focal with large villages along river banks Disturbance and change of landscape, trampling of vegetation Allocation of areas for reindeer husbandry, licenses for hunting 2. Northern part of the forest zone Logging, livestock farming in flooded meadows, several% of the entire territory is plowed. Focal with large villages along the banks of rivers Destruction of forests, disturbance of landscapes, trampling of vegetation Correct technological process during logging, allocation of pastures 3. Southern part of the forest zone Selective nature of farming, 30-40% of the territory is plowed Network settlements are dense, but settlements are small (up to 100 people). Changing poor soils, trampling vegetation. Allocation of areas for arable land and grazing, applying fertilizers to the soil. 4. Forest-steppe and steppe zone Continuous agricultural development The networks of settlements are less dense, the settlements themselves are larger (up to 1000 people or more). Changing landscapes, polluting water bodies during agricultural work The latest agrotechnical and rational technologies, land reclamation 5. Dry steppes and semi-deserts Focal agriculture near water sources Large villages near rivers, far from each other (as in the tundra) Changing landscapes, trampling of plants, deterioration and salinization soils, water pollution. Rational use of natural resources 6. Mountain areas Recreational functions, agriculture in river valleys, livestock farming on mountain slopes Large settlements in valleys, small settlements on mountain slopes Changes in landscapes from recreational use, from agricultural development Rational use of recreational and agricultural resources.

A single concept of “city” for different countries does not exist -More than 200 people – Denmark, Sweden, Finland; -Over 1 thousand people. – Canada, Australia; -Over 2 thousand people. – Germany, France; -Over 2.5 thousand people. – USA, Mexico; -Over 5 thousand people. – India, Iran; -Over 10 thousand people. – Switzerland, Malaysia; -Over 20 thousand people. – Nigeria; -Over 30 thousand people. – Japan; -Over 40 thousand people. - South Korea.

2. Urbanization Growth of cities, increase specific gravity urban population in the country, region, world, the emergence and development of more complex networks and systems of cities; The historical process of increasing the role of cities and urban populations, the widespread spread of urban lifestyle; Important component socio-economic development.

2. Concentration of population and economy mainly in large cities; Example: Beg. 20th century – 360 large cities (5% of population) Beg. XI century - ~ 4 thousand cities. Millionaire cities: Beginning. XX century - 10; 200 – Russia – 12 (Moscow, St. Petersburg, Novosibirsk, Yekaterinburg, N. Novgorod, Samara, Omsk, Kazan, Chelyabinsk, RnD, Ufa, Volgograd). The Russian Federation ranks 4th in the world in terms of the number of millionaire cities after China (99), India (37), Brazil (14).

Urban agglomerations 3. “Sprawling” of cities, expansion of territory – urban agglomerations (territorial groupings of urban and rural settlements). Capitals, important industrial, port centers. The largest agglomerations in the world (about 20): Tokyo, New York, Mexico City, Sao Paulo, Shanghai, Bombay, Los Angeles, Beijing, Calcutta,….

Division of countries by level of urbanization The first group is highly urbanized countries (50% of the urban population); The second group is medium-urbanized countries (20-50% of the urban population); The third group is underdeveloped countries (below 20% of the urban population). Rice. 18, 77 (textbook)

Levels of urbanization rates 1. In developed countries, urbanization continues to develop “in depth”, acquiring new forms; 2. In developing countries, where the level of urbanization is lower, it continues to expand, and the urban population increases. CONCLUSION: there is a rapid development of suburban large cities - suburbanization (urbanization of suburbs); introduction of urban living standards into rural settlements - urbanization (rural urbanization).

3. Rural population ½ of the world's population lives in rural areas. There are approximately a million rural settlements in the world. There are 2 forms of rural settlement: group and scattered.

4. Population geography studies the size, structure and distribution of the population, considered in the process of social reproduction and interaction with the natural environment. The first direction is geodemographic. Structure, numbers, fertility and mortality rates, population reproduction. The second direction is geographical. Population distribution in the world, regions, countries.

5. Geo-urbanism Studies: 1. The main historical stages of urban development; 2. The main features of the modern urbanization process; 3.Geographical aspects of urbanization and the development of large urbanized areas of the world; 4. Networks and systems of cities; 5. Fundamentals of city design and urban planning.

Conclusion Modern processes The growth, composition and distribution of populations raise many complex issues, some of them worldwide and some of them specific to countries various types. The most important are the continued rapid growth of the world population, interethnic relations, and urbanization.

- The countryside can live on its own, using fields, meadows and forests. The countryside is the keeper of tradition.

Recording the concept of “settlement” in a notebook (slide).

What determines human settlement on the Earth's surface? (slide)

What forms of settlement can exist?

What are the features of the rural form of settlement?

What forms of rural settlements exist? (slide)

List the pros and cons of living in the city and in the countryside.

Why rural settlements should not be large (slide).

There are 150,000 rural settlements in Russia different types About 40 million people live in them (27% of the country’s population). Most of the rural population lives in areas with particularly favorable natural climatic conditions for agriculture (North Caucasus).

Areas with a high proportion of rural population: Ingushetia, Chechnya, Altai Republic, Kalmykia, Dagestan, Tyva (task - find these areas on the atlas map).

Forms of rural settlements (slide).

Zonal types of rural settlements. Students write in their notebook:

1) In tundra zones, the population is engaged in pasture reindeer herding, hunting and fishing - “focal settlement” is characteristic. 2) In the taiga zones, livestock farming takes place on water meadows along rivers; “focal settlement” and small villages are typical. 3) In mixed forest zones, up to 40% of the territory is plowed, and the distance between settlements is no more than 3 km.

4) Zones of steppes and forest-steppes - an area of continuous agriculture with a less dense network of settlements in which up to 30,000 people live. 5) In semi-deserts, agriculture is again “focal” and tied to rare sources of water, and people live in river valleys. 6) In mountainous areas, rural settlements are subject to altitudinal zones: the higher the mountains, the smaller the villages.

Formulate main problem villages.

What do you see as the solution to this problem?

View document contents
“Presentation for the lesson “Rural population settlement”, grade 9”

RURAL FORM OF SETTLEMENT

- What does it depend on

human settlement

surface of the Earth?

- What forms of settlement can exist?

- What is the peculiarity

rural form

resettlement?

FORMS OF SETTLEMENT This is a system of settlements that people form as they develop and populating any territory Settlement is a collection of settlements on a certain or territory formed during its development There are two main forms of settlement:

Rural

Urban

Rural settlement

Rural life is typical proximity of the person’s place of work to his place of residence. That's why settlements should not be large. Why?

Altai Republic – 76%

- Name the capital

Altai Republic

- Show the Altai Republic on the map

Forms of rural settlement

There are two main forms of rural settlement:

Russia is characterized by a group form of settlement, in which

There are many types of rural settlements:

Group (village)

Absent-minded (farm)

Villages

Sela

Villages

Camps

NOMADIC FORM OF SETTLEMENT

Typical for regions with unfavorable climatic conditions for agriculture. Here the population moves together with herds of domestic animals

- In which subjects

federation this form

Is resettlement common?

ZONAL TYPES OF AGRICULTURE In tundra zones, the population is engaged in pasture reindeer herding, hunting and fishing - “focal settlement” is typical. In taiga zones, livestock farming takes place on water meadows along rivers - “focal settlement” and small villages are typical. In mixed forest zones, up to 40% of the territory is plowed, and the distances between populated areas points no more than 3 km

ZONAL TYPES OF AGRICULTURE

Zones of steppes and forest-steppes are areas of continuous agriculture with less a dense network of settlements in which up to 30,000 people live In semi-deserts, agriculture is again “focal” and tied to rare water sources, and people live in river valleys In mountainous areas, rural settlements are subject to altitude zonation: the higher the mountains, the smaller the villages

SUBURBAN Agricultural

Zonal picture of rural farms are disrupted near large cities. Here's the way of life close to the city, and people doing such rural things farm that could provide city residents necessary food

- What kind of food

will produce

suburban rural

farming?