The presence of stiffening ribs located in a protective metal layer makes roofing sandwich panels a sufficiently strong material, which allows them to withstand a snow load of up to 150 kg per m2 and ensure an effective drainage of water from the roof of the house. Thanks to reliable thermal insulation, such material can be used in any climatic zone of Russia. It is for these reasons that sandwich panel roofing is in high demand among developers. In order for the coating to serve for a long time and reliably, it is necessary to strictly follow the installation technology and SNiP standards.
Roof slope
According to the SNiP standards, the minimum slope of roofing sandwich panels is 5 °, but provided that the coating is made of solid panels without joints along the length and there are no windows or other structures that violate the integrity of the finishing layer in the roof. In other cases, the minimum slope angle must be at least 7 °.
When choosing the type of roof structure and the angle of its slope, one should pay attention to the peculiarities of the climate in the construction area. If precipitation occurs frequently, it is recommended to perform a roof slope under the sandwich panel with a slope of at least 40 ° - in this case rainwater will not linger at the joints. In regions with dry hot climates the best option is a roof with a slope of 7-25 °.
It is necessary to immediately take into account that a steeper roof requires more roofing material.
If the slope is insufficient, moisture will stagnate on the roof, which negatively affects the waterproofing of the panel joints. During thaws and frosts, the accumulated water, turning into ice, can damage the outer protective layer of the panel and begin to destroy the metal of the shell.
Minimum slope sandwich panel roofs do not require the use of additional fasteners when installing the material on load-bearing structures made of wood, reinforced concrete or metal. If the sandwich panels are laid on the structure with an inclination of more than 7 °, it is necessary to install additional fasteners.
Tools and materials for installation
Installation of a sandwich panel roof requires cutting the material, fixing it, as well as sealing the joints. Material cutting can be done:
- electric shears;
- fine-toothed saw for cold cutting;
- stationary machine with a circular saw.
A grinder with an abrasive wheel or hot cutting tools should never be used.... Heating of the cut site will provoke deformation of the panel, damage to its decorative and protective layer, which will ultimately lead to corrosion of the material.
In order to carry the sandwich panels from place to place without the risk of damaging their surface, it is recommended to use a mechanical or vacuum gripper. In places where the gripper is installed on the panel, remove the protective film from it.
Fastening of roofing sandwich panels is carried out using long stainless or carbon steel screws equipped with washers and sealing elements. Synthetic rubber (ethylene propylene diene monomer, EPDM) seals are required to seal the attachment point. The length of the self-tapping screws depends on the thickness of the panel and the material of construction to which it is attached. To tighten the screws, an electric drill with speed control or a screwdriver is used.
Do not overtighten the fasteners as this will reduce their service life. In addition, the over-tightened self-tapping screw can damage the panel.
It is important to correctly determine the required number of fasteners, taking into account:
- wind load on the object (depends on the height and location);
- object type (closed / open);
- in what area of the roof is the attached panel located (the outer panels are most exposed to wind load);
- bearing capacity of one fastener.
For accurate calculations it is advisable to consult a specialist.
The joints between the panels must be properly sealed. Do not allow the appearance of gaps in the longitudinal joints.
How to do the work correctly, you can find out from the video instructions:
Regardless of the angle of inclination of the roof, longitudinal joints are sealed using a special tape (for example, Abris Lb 10x2) or silicone sealant. A sealing tape is also necessary when arranging abutments to vertical structures.
Features of roofing material
Sandwich panels are an easy-to-install material suitable for roofing. Manufacturers offer a wide range of boards, differing in purpose, size, strength, filler. Can be used as a heat insulator:
- polyurethane foam;
- expanded polystyrene;
- polyisocyanurate;
- mineral wool.
The panels are relatively lightweight and at the same time serve as a topcoat and insulation. Sandwich panels with basalt wool have the highest thermal insulation performance.
A decorative and protective polymer coating is applied to the thin sheet metal from which the panel body is made. This allows the panels to be painted in different colors and protects the metal from corrosion.
In order not to damage the protective layer, the instructions for installing roofing sandwich panels require certain rules to be followed:
- do not use hot and abrasive cutting;
- the protective film from the bottom of the slab should be removed immediately before the installation of the element, and from the top - after the installation of the entire coating is completed;
- metal shavings formed in the process of cutting the material should be carefully removed immediately and made sure that it does not scratch the polymer layer;
- during roofing works walk on the roof only in shoes with soft soles.
Sandwich panels should be protected from precipitation, dirt and wind when stored outdoors. The material is laid on a flat, solid base to avoid deformation.
Conditions for installation work
Installation of roofing sandwich panels is carried out under certain conditions:
- the wind speed should not exceed 9 m / s, since the panels have a relatively low weight with a large surface area;
- work is not carried out during rain, snow or thick fog;
- if artificial lighting is not provided, installation stops with the onset of dusk;
- sealing of longitudinal joints between sandwich panels is carried out at an air temperature above +4 ° С.
Before starting roofing work, you should:
- to believe the design, its compliance with the project and the quality of installation, to eliminate the identified differences and shortcomings;
- check the compliance of girders, crossbars and other structural elements with the project;
- check on the plane the purlins on which the panels will be attached;
- prepare tools.
Installation technology
Sandwich panels are laid across the purlins parallel to the cornice. The smaller the step of installing the purlins, the higher the bearing capacity of the installed roofing will be. This is especially true for roofs with a slight slope in regions with high snow loads. But in any case, the distance between the runs should not exceed 2 meters.
If the slope of the sandwich panel roof exceeds 15 °, additional stops are installed on the overhangs so that the panels do not slide down.
It is most convenient to install the roof covering from slabs, the length of which does not exceed 10 meters.... Firstly, it is easier to lift them onto the roof, and secondly, in this case, the likelihood of temperature deformations during the operation of the roof is lower.
Sandwich panels are mounted on top of a heat-insulating and waterproofing layer. It is easiest to use mineral wool as a heat insulator. Before installing the panels, the horizontal installation of the purlins and the condition of the supports made of wood, metal or reinforced concrete are checked. It is necessary to remove rust, mold and other deposits. Cracks are repaired in wood, caverns are leveled in concrete with mortar. The joints of the elements from which the frame is made must be airtight. Wooden structures are treated with a fire-retardant composition, and metal ones - with an anti-corrosion one.
The spacing of the load-bearing elements of the frame must correspond to the dimensions of the panels.
The span of the frame must be selected so that the panels can be fastened five centimeters from the edge, and there is also a support for fastening the joining panels.
It is required to work in a respirator if the panel is insulated with mineral wool... When lifting the slabs to the roof, do not put them on the lock, so as not to deform it.
The technology of installation of roofing sandwich panels prescribes to start laying the material from the lower corner of the roof (any). Next, the plates are mounted in the vertical direction. It should be borne in mind in which case it is easier to perform work and more economical material is consumed.
Today, many traditional roofing technologies are being replaced by new technologies, which are significantly different in nature from the old ones. For example, completely reliable insulated roofs are obtained from elements such as roofing sandwich panels. Their possibilities are very wide, and therefore in Russia warehouse and commercial buildings, residential complexes and special objects are being actively built from them.
Wherein modern roofs made of sandwich panels look quite stylish and from a distance resembles classic roofing materials. But at the same time, they are much more functional, because they combine three components at once: the roof, and insulation, and even the finishing coating from below. In general, and in economic terms, such sandwich panels are more profitable.
If you are interested in this technology, let's take a closer look at it and get some interesting ideas for ourselves.
A modern sandwich panel is a three-layer structure, where the insulation is located between two profiled metal sheets:
Let's take a closer look at the profile itself:
- on the one hand, the panel has stiffening ribs in the form of special trapezoidal projections, usually 40 mm high.
- on the other hand, the panel has a 1.5 mm deep micro-profile.
Moving on to technical specifications sandwich panels. So, today the sizes of roofing sandwich panels vary from 1000 to 1120 mm, length - from 2 to 14 meters, here a lot depends on the equipment.
The sandwich panels themselves differ as follows:
- at the place of installation: for roofing and wall, ceiling and universal;
- if possible load: on self-supporting or facing;
- at the place of assembly: for those that can be assembled directly on the construction site, products element-wise assembly and those that are manufactured in the factory and brought to the construction site ready-made.
By the way, the very first designs of roofing panels had two types of joint along the edges of the sheets: a standing seam or a seam with internal elements. Of course, these systems had many drawbacks.
For example, the outer metal sheet was flat, with a slight profiling, and therefore it sagged under the weight of the snow cap, and deformed by the frying rays of the sun. Because of what, microcracks appeared in the corners of the bends.
This is officially called "low cycle fatigue" of the metal. It was impossible to move in such places so as not to damage the outer sheet and the insulation itself. In addition, the very quality of the seam seam often left much to be desired, because such manipulations with metal require high professionalism.
Modern panels differ significantly from them:
- Firstly, the fastening of the roofing sandwich panels is now different.
- Secondly, today the minimum roof pitch of sandwich panels is 5-7 degrees, and more than 12 is recommended.
- Thirdly, today all the same requirements are imposed on such roofing sandwich panels as for ordinary roofing.
Namely - to ensure the sealing of all joints, drainage and protection from bad weather. With such panels, all this is realized using a special lock.
By the way, the panels themselves are produced in a whole series, with a variety of properties:
Piecewise panels: simplicity and reliability
Roofing sandwich panels of element-by-element assembly are easily assembled multi-layer structures that consist of a cassette, this is a metal base of insulation, special hydro-wind protection and external cladding. We can say that this is such a semi-finished product, because these panels are finally assembled directly at the construction site.
This design is based on cold-rolled or hot-rolled steel with a thickness of 0.71 millimeters. An additional polymer coating is often applied to it. In appearance, this again resembles a box, the bottom of which will serve as the ceiling of the under-roof room.
Inside such a box is mineral wool or basalt fiber, located with a slight tension. On top of the insulation there is hydro-wind protection in a special vapor-permeable membrane.
Monopanels: smart design
It will be interesting for you to know what is already producing sandwich panels today, which form soft roof, and only the inner side of them is metal. This design is called "monopanel".
It is from such panels that the roofs of commercial buildings, sports facilities and industrial buildings are often built. In such a panel, the inner side is a carrier, and at the same time also serves as a ceiling sheathing.
It is made on the basis of a steel profiled sheet with a zinc coating (if possible, with a polymer too). Penoizol is used as a heater - a special filling foam with a flammability group G1. Such a group speaks of low flammability, when the panel does not burn, but only charred.
Let's list the main advantages of monopanels. So, you can:
- install on roofs with absolutely any slope, and quickly enough;
- transport by any means of transport;
- apply in buildings of the second degree of fire resistance;
- spend all assembly work in a fairly wide range of humidity and temperature.
At the same time, panels can be cheaper than other types of sandwich panels.
Today, two main types of monopanels are produced - with a soft coating and a metal one. So, with polymer roll material sandwich panels have a perfectly smooth surface on which snow does not accumulate on the roof at all. It is reliable and durable, and all external joints and abutments are sealed with modern compounds.
The metal covering for monopanels is made on a machine with special longitudinal flanges, so that later they can be reduced into a double standing seam using a seaming machine.
Sip panels: proven material
In Russia, until recently, there was an experience of using only roofing sip panels, which are also classified as sandwich panels, although sometimes experts call them different materials... But here, just like in a classic sandwich panel, there is a heater between two rigid sheets.
It is a structural insulating panel that is used for the construction of prefabricated housing. It is a monolithic structure in which two oriented strand boards OSB-3 and expanded polystyrene are glued under pressure.
Moreover, such panels are very durable and lightweight at the same time. So, the mass of one square meter is not more than 15 kg, but this square meter able to withstand vertical longitudinal pressure of more than 11 tons!
In Russia, such construction is also still a little new, although it is gaining popularity day by day. But there is one more difference from a conventional sandwich panel - the sip panel does not use a vapor barrier or windproof membrane. Here the OSB-3 plate is glued to the insulation itself, and does not warp over time.
Interestingly, abroad quite often there are variants of vulture panels with OSB cladding on only one side, and on the other side there is a metal sheet.
Moreover, in Russia they are still trying to find an analogue to such panels, replacing OSB with cement-bonded particle boards, fiberboard plates or glass-magnesium sheets. But there are some points here: self-tapping screws in panels based on a mineral binder do not hold well and are often prone to corrosion, which does not happen with OSB-3.
Internal content and characteristics
So what are these panels made of? Let's take a look at their structure!
External coating: protection against atmospheric precipitation
Quite often, metal sheets formed by repeated bending are used for the internal and external cladding of such roofing sandwich panels. Much less often, such cladding is made of corrugated sheets.
The profile of the topsheet itself is usually flat, almost flat, and with fairly high trapezoidal ridges to ensure proper drainage. The higher the projections, the more they reduce the thermal deformation of the panels, but also the more expensive they cost:
Here are the main types of profiling of such panels:
Roofing sandwich panels differ more significantly from each other by their coating. Moreover, high requirements are imposed on the cladding of sandwich panels, because the topcoat takes on all the operational loads. These are both climatic and dynamic, when workers go out to the roof to repair it or clean it from snow.
In the Russian market, almost all three-layer sandwich panels have a steel outer cladding, made of cold-rolled steel sheet from 0.4 to 0.7 mm. Here the zinc coating is hot applied and has a thickness of 25 to 50 microns. Further, several layers of polymer coatings are applied to the zinc surface at once, with a total thickness of 25 to 200 microns. There can be up to eight such layers in total.
So, when high color retention and resistance to pollution are needed, a polymer coating is used. For example, the popular coating Hiarc... Its subspecies Hiarc Matt pleasing to the eye beautiful color with a matte surface that gives the roof a special expressiveness. They also produce sandwich panels in metallic colors.
The next type of coverage is High Build- This is a thicker primer layer with a special pigment that is resistant to mechanical damage.
Another coating is polyester enamel, or polyester... It is suitable for almost all climatic zones, resistant to mechanical weathering. But it cannot be called too reliably.
Such a coating is used in cases where there are no increased requirements for corrosion resistance to sandwich panels. But, if we talk about the roof, this option is not acceptable, this material is more for internal rooms than for external ones.
Pural - it is a polyurethane resin based coating. It looks like a fairly thick layer with high wear resistance.
Polyvinyl- especially high polymer coating corrosion resistance and resistance to ultraviolet radiation... It retains its color and shine longer than all types of coating, and withstands forming remarkably well.
The choice of insulation: bubbles or cotton wool?
Basalt mineral wool, glass wool, expanded polystyrene, polyurethane foam and their varieties are used as insulation for sandwich panels:
Also, for monopanels, he also uses such a type of insulation as foam resol. At the same time, the insulation can be of different densities, depending on what kind of heat-insulating properties it should have. The thickness of such products is selected according to the exact heat engineering calculation, usually from 40 to 300 mm.
In a section, all these panels look like this:
If you want to dive deeper into this question, watch this video review:
Let's note the advantage of basal mineral wool... And sandwich panels are laid so that the fibers are oriented vertically. This design is the most stable and does not threaten insulation shrinkage.
Due to this, the density of sandwich panels is in the range of 90-140 kg per square meter, and the thermal conductivity coefficient is 0.043 W / m2. But at the same time, which mineral water is still the heaviest of all types of heaters used.
Another option is glass wool. Such panels are slightly lighter than with the mineral wool version, and their thermal conductivity is 10% lower. They are allowed to be used in operation at temperatures over 400 degrees Celsius.
But the lightest sandwich is expanded polystyrene panels. Its thermal conductivity coefficient is only 0.0022 W / m2, which is very small.
But no less qualitative is its analogue - polyisocyanurate foam. Polyisocyanurate foam differs from ordinary polyurethane foam - higher fire resistance. In fact, this is its modified analogue:
If we talk about the main difference between the types of insulation, then the main one here is fire safety... So, mineral wool sandwich panels are more heat-resistant, they are assigned the EI240 class. But polyisocyanurate foam panels have a fire resistance limit of EI60.
Also important point: element-by-element roof panels come with or without additional insulation. So, if the thickness of the standard insulation is considered insufficient, then it is changed with the help of another heat insulator.
Here, on top of the main insulation inside the base, Z-shaped purlins with a height of 50 to 200 mm are installed and UPTP strips are glued to avoid cold bridges.
In this case, the purlins are mounted across the rafters. Inside such girders, the required number of layers of thermal insulation is put in, then on top of the additional insulation, a hydro-wind protection and shelves of Z-shaped girders are mounted. And already on the shelves themselves, sheets of the selected roofing are attached.
Internal filling of panels affects their fragility:
Reliability of the adhesive bond
All three main elements of sandwich panels are interconnected with a special elastic adhesive. Moreover, they approach the choice of glue with all responsibility, because, for example, the same basalt-based insulation is a rather porous material with a fragile surface. Therefore, it is important that the glue can penetrate deep into the roughness of the insulation and fill the voids between the fibers and the metal.
As you understand, quite a lot of glue itself is used here, and in a foamed form, after which it hardens. At the same time, it is important that the glue is moisture resistant, not afraid of atmospheric influences and tolerates temperature extremes well.
All these requirements are met by modern polyurethane-based adhesives, which are usually used for bonding metal with other materials. In this case, specifically for roofing sandwich panels, one-component and two-component compositions are used.
It is precisely the service life of sandwich panels that is limited by the service life of the adhesive layer itself, namely, its destruction. By the way, sandwich panels with polyurethane insulation are sometimes made without glue at all, connecting the components together using a special molding. It is impossible to say whether it is better or worse - time will tell.
See how the finished sandwich panels, released in production, look like:
Important subtleties of fastening
The next point: fasteners on roof sandwich panels are made visible or hidden, and the lock is conventional or with increased energy efficiency, which is provided by a special seal.
Roofing sandwich panels are connected with each other in the following main ways: single rebate with additional insulation, double rebate, lock (for example, Roof-lock), and with the help of a special trapezoidal head made of galvanized steel. The installation technology itself is dictated, of course, by the manufacturer.
To close single and double folds, you need a special tool called "frame". For the locks of modern panels, tools are not needed at all.
The most convenient is, of course, the castle. But there is a drawback here: sandwich panels, which were originally designed for such locks, have an easily deformed element along their entire length, which is not difficult to touch during installation or storage. That is to say, his weak point.
This is how the fixing looks like for polyisocyanurate foam panels:
In this way, mineral wool panels are fixed:
What is good about the "roof of the future", or pleasant advantages?
First of all, for the construction of the roof, it is of great value that, roofing sandwich panels allow laying at large steps between the purlins. All in all, this greatly reduces the overall cost of building the roof itself.
That is why the use of sandwich panels is primarily based on economic expediency, allowing today to erect such roofs on almost all types of buildings. While on this moment the only exception is apartment buildings, but this, according to experts, will not last long.
Also, you will be surprised that, despite the apparent fragility, roofing sandwich panels are enough durable material, perfectly withstands wind and snow loads... At the same time, roofing sandwich panels do not create any special additional load on the foundation:
We also note that such panels are quick and easy to assemble, and just as easy to dismantle. They do not need any finishing or special fasteners.
Disadvantages, flaws and other annoying facts
With all the advantages, the sandwich panel has a number of disadvantages. For example, their use of sandwich panels is predicted to decline over time, giving way to other types of sandwich panels.
Here is an entertaining video tutorial on the advantages and disadvantages of roofing sandwich panels:
Features of the northern climate
The Russian climate is quite aggressive, especially in the north. And therefore, while many roofers are afraid to use roofing sandwich panels due to seasonal temperature fluctuations, which cause significant stresses during operation.
The second moment, being on the roof in direct sunlight, the sandwiches change their size. This is a natural process for metal surfaces, but it is imperative to consider it when adjusting the corners of joints and seams, so that the whole system does not lead in the end. It is precisely sandwich panels of element-by-element assembly that are devoid of these disadvantages.
After all, it is not mineral wool that takes on the load from them, but the box frame itself, due to which the lighter and cheaper thermal insulation can be used. Yes, such elements provide a more reliable roof sealing and the ability to remove condensate through an organized ventilation gap.
In addition, in the process of cyclic temperature transitions through the so-called "freezing point of water", the block of mineral wool insulation gradually collapses, and the fibers are blown out. As a result, there is a loss of the bearing capacity of the structure itself.
Also, mineral wool itself is subject to physical aging, and in fact it accounts for the entire operational load. At the same time, the actual fire resistance of such a roof is noted, unfortunately.
First, the maintainability of such panels still raises questions. If a problem arises, you will have to disassemble the entire roof, so the repair costs will be significant.
Installation errors and their consequences
Further, while the locks of such panels leave much to be desired, and with not very careful operation, they can be unreliable. As we have already said, the accuracy of fastening and the tightness of the future roof is provided by special grooves in the rebates. AND the main problem installation of sandwich panels is a successful or unsuccessful joint.
This is why manufacturers are constantly working to improve these locks. After all, the strength of the connection of such panels on the roof, and the absence of gaps, and tightness depend on this specifically.
For the roof, these are critical indicators. And any unsuccessful joint can become a conductor for rain moisture and a cold bridge, while for the same walls, all this is not so important:
In bad weather conditions and frequently changing humidity and air temperature, a poorly laid roof made of sandwich panels has cold bridges and leaks. The casing also peels off from the insulation, if a foam sandwich is used and the flammability of the middle layer increases, and if the insulation is made of mineral wool, the destruction of the bond between vertically oriented fibers due to moisture is noted.
They can lead to the sealing of the longitudinal joint and further damage to the entire coating. Moreover, such damage is not so easy to detect by eye, and even more difficult to fix.
Although, in fact, in working with sandwich panels, it is quite possible to avoid all the above points and disadvantages, if you follow all the installation rules exactly.
Difficulties in transportation and storage
And finally, roofing sandwich panels have such a serious disadvantage as easy damage during transportation and installation, so they need to be handled carefully, especially carefully. That is why manufacturing companies themselves often provide services for a complete set of roofs, from design to installation.
And we advise you to resort to such services, since the professional team already knows all the intricacies of working with this new roofing material, there is even a whole lot of recommendations even regarding the storage of the panels themselves.
By the way, most of all manufacturers are worried about the fact that in our country they often neglect the installation rules and roof panels sometimes get wet even before they are on the roof. In this case, the fibrous insulation quickly loses its properties and is destroyed during the subsequent seasonal processes of freezing and thawing.
It is thanks to such doubts that the owners of their houses still everywhere give preference to a more classic and proven "correct" pie, where the insulation has its own specific place and there is always access to it. At least, if cotton wool gets wet here, the bearing capacity of the roof will not decrease from this - the problems will simply be different.
Installation steps: unusual technology
Let's take a look at the principles of installing roof sandwich panels on the roof. So, three-layer roofing sandwich panels are used for buildings in which the roof slope is not more than 12 meters, and the slope is not less than 12%. They are laid on girders with a step of one and a half meters.
Compared to classic sandwich panels, monopanels are suitable for creating any areas and any angle of inclination, and a step is allowed in 3-4 meters.
This is how the installation of such a roof looks like in practice:
It is most convenient, of course, to use one panel per roof slope so that it does not have any transverse joints. Although today it is not uncommon for such sandwich panels to be assembled on the roof as a constructor, with an overlap. In this case, the panel is laid up, as it were, along the pillars.
Such a roof covering is fixed using hat profiles across the rafters. The panels are laid along the rafters along the girders. And so that cold bridges do not form at the junction, a thermal separating strip made of isolon is fixed on top of the membrane along the shelves themselves.
The roofing sheets of the monopanels are fastened together with clamps, and the clamps themselves are connected with self-tapping screws. Such a panel is installed along runs up to 4 mm and fastened with self-tapping screws:
Further, on top of it, it is allowed to make a soft roof from conventional traditional materials, for example, from piece shingles. By ourselves, we are convenient monopanels because their installation can be performed by any builder without special qualifications, and practically at any time of the year.
The roofing panels themselves are installed along the girders or fixed with bolts, as an option - with self-tapping screws with a special washer. The most practical is a thorn-type connection, a heat-insulating tourniquet and special ties.
The hat profile itself is determined by the structure of the roofing itself, and for a metal tile it is equal to its pitch.
Sandwich panels are fixed to the walls of the house using the same additional elements as in the case of a conventional roof:
But the main nodes of such a roof:
This is how the overhang of the roof is made from sandwich panels:
Here are the main options for organizing the drainage of such a roof: The highest quality sandwich panels, according to manufacturers, last 25-30 years. At the same time, it is extremely important that during installation and transportation of the panels, they are not damaged, and the joint is sufficiently tight.
It is in the domestic market that options with trapezoidal protrusions on sandwich panels, which are also called a roofing profile, still prevail.
Compared to the rest of the world, in Russia they still produce roofing sandwich panels in the following ratio of insulation: 85% mineral wool and 15% polyurethane foam. But in the world, the opposite is true: 80% of such panels are made of polyurethane foam or polyisocyanuate foam, and only a fifth are made of mineral wool. Although, at the same time, foam insulation is lighter.
Thus, the best quality products are supplied to the Russian market by such companies as Promkpanel, Petropanel, Kuznetsk Metal Structures, Techno-Isol and Azna-am. We will also consider the products of such renowned manufacturers like Ruukki, Izobud and Kraft SPAN.
Ruukki: complete set
Renowned manufacturer Ruukki offers mineral wool and PIR roofing panels, including accessories and installation tools:
Here's another option:
The well-known company "Izobud" has been producing sandwich panels for prefabricated buildings since 1998 and today is included in the list of the most famous manufacturers of this roofing material in the Russian Federation.
And she produces sandwich panels from mineral wool and polyisocyanurate foam:
Here are the panels from "Izobud" made of mineral wool:
Kraft SPAN: new equipment
Kraft SPAN is a company from St. Petersburg that produces wall and roof sandwich panels made of mineral wool. They have high load-bearing properties, which are especially appreciated by designers.
Here, profiled steel sheets, mineral basalt wool and fireproof glue with safety class Ko are used. It is the production of Kraft SPAN that produces a single series of such panels - FF.
This construction technology has more and more supporters every day. No wonder, because they are attracted by the beautiful appearance sandwich panel roofs and a relatively low load on the supporting structures and the foundation of the building.
In addition, the modern market today is oversaturated with such panels, thanks to which there remains high competition in this area, and manufacturers pay more attention to the quality of products. As well as additional related services, such as roof design and repair.
Would you like to have such an unusual roof?
BELPANEL K4 roof sandwich panels are mounted with undercut interior cladding(cutting is done on site).
In the case of a gable roof, the left and right cut allows for simultaneous installation on both slopes from the same side.
BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels can be fastened to roof purlins made of steel, wood or concrete with a built-in steel profile.
When designing the roof, the minimum roof slope for BELPANEL K4 roofing sandwich panels should be taken into account - αmin = 10%, the maximum allowable distance between the supports.
The minimum width of the intermediate support for BELPANEL roof sandwich panels is 60 mm. On both sides of the BELPANEL roof sandwich panels, a special film is applied, which is used to protect the BELPANEL roof sandwich panels during transportation and installation.
On the inside of BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels, the film is removed immediately before installation, and on the front side of BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels - immediately before the end of work. At the points of attachment of the overhead elements and under the screws, the film is removed before installation.
For assembly cutting of BELPANEL roof sandwich panels, use only electric shears and saws that allow cold cutting. The cutting place must not be overheated to avoid compromising the anti-corrosion protection of the sheet. After each cut, the surface of BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels must be thoroughly cleaned of chips.
Before starting the installation of each of the BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels, check that the abutting trapezoids of the upper profiled sheet are completely cleaned.
It is recommended to use a vacuum or mechanical gripper to lift BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels, transfer and install them on the installation site.
At the place where the vacuum gripper is attached to the roofing sandwich panels, the protective film must be removed. Installation of BELPANEL roof sandwich panels is carried out from the bottommost panel. The following sandwich roof panels are installed according to the diagram.
The first of the BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels is mounted with an open corrugation towards the end of the building.
Fastening of roof sandwich panels BELPANEL
To fix BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels, use special self-drilling screws made of carbon or stainless steel with washers and synthetic rubber seal (EPDM: ethylene propylene diene monomer). The length of the screws depends on the thickness of the BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels used and the type of substructure!
Pay particular attention to the tightening force of the self-drilling screws. They should not be too tight or too loose.
Avoid overtightening the fasteners as this will reduce their lifespan and may damage the panel. The first sign of overtightening is the appearance of dents on the surface of BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels.
Longitudinal connection of BELPANEL roof sandwich panels
The longitudinal joint between roofing sandwich panels must be additionally connected with screws, as shown in the figure. When connecting BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels of K-4 type, the distance between two adjacent screws should be no more than 0.5 m.
Determination of the required number of screws.
When determining the required number of screws, the following should be taken into account:
- Wind load, depending on the location of the object and on its height;
- Object type (open, closed, etc.);
- In what conditional zone of the roof is the attached roofing sandwich panel located (panels in the extreme zones are most susceptible to wind gusts);
- Load bearing capacity of one fastener.
The required number of screws is determined by the designer in accordance with the norms for the given climatic region.
Sealing the longitudinal joint between panels.
During installation, pay attention to the connection of BELPANEL roof sandwich panels. A gap must not be allowed on the longitudinal joint between the sandwich panels!
Always seal the longitudinal joint, regardless of the slope of the roof (silicone sealant or tape Abris Lb 10 × 2).
When it is necessary to apply sealant to the longitudinal joint on the inner side of the roof, it must be applied by hand before installing each of the subsequent BELPANEL roofing sandwich panels.
To prevent air and steam circulation, the joints between the roof sandwich panels and the columns should be carefully sealed. A sealing tape is glued to the column surface adjacent to the roofing sandwich panels. The tape is glued to the inside of the fastener line to seal the fastener holes at the same time.
In the construction of buildings and structures, the correct erection of the roof is important.
To ensure practicality, convenience, and the absence of violations of the waterproofing of the roof, roofs are built with a slope. Sandwich panel roof slope is determined by several factors - first of all, this is the design of the structure, where the construction is underway, as well as the weather in the region.
Slope is the angle of inclination of the ramp to the horizontal surface. The steepness of the roof is directly related to the angle of inclination.
The larger the angle, the larger it will be. The roof slope can be expressed in two units: either as a percentage or in degrees. Let's say 4 degrees would be 7% and 3 degrees would be 5.2%.
To calculate the slope, you need to divide the height value by the value of the roof placement (this is the distance from the uppermost point of the roof slope to the lower horizontal). And the result is then multiplied by 100.
The supporting structures for the erection of roofs of buildings with a slope can be made of wood, metal, reinforced concrete.
What kind of material to choose the supporting structure is determined by the type of building or structure, the slope of the roof, the thickness of the sandwich panels.
There are some other important parameters as well. Usually, the customer purchases fully equipped, and the equipment corresponds to the type of installation and construction. The roof is assembled from panels, installing them along the purlins.
For fastening, bolts are used, which are fixed by embedded parts.
How does the weather affect the slope of the roof
When designing the roof structure and determining its slope, one should take into account the peculiarities of the climate and weather in a given area. If there is a lot of precipitation in the region, it is preferable to make the roof slope from sandwich panels more than 40 degrees.
At the same time, water is guaranteed not to accumulate on the roof. If, on the contrary, the region is characterized by dry and hot weather, the slope is made much less, in the range from 7 to 25 degrees.
In principle, it is necessary to slope the roof to eliminate stagnant zones on the roof. The water that collects in them blooms over time.
In addition, such accumulations of water break down over time. In the cold season, damage to the roof is caused by repeated freezing and thawing of water accumulated on the roof.
When designing a roof with a steep slope for protection from precipitation, it must be borne in mind that the consumption of sandwich panels will be the greater, the steeper the slope.
SNiP standards for sandwich panels
According to the standards SNiP3.04.01-87 "Insulation and finishing coatings" and SNiP II-26-76 "Roofs", the smallest roof slope for which solid sandwich panels are used is 5%.
This ensures that there is no deformation of the panels and no leaks of the roof itself. If panels are used for the roof, which are connected along the length, the minimum slope value is slightly higher - 7%.
Before installing the sandwich panels, it is necessary to carry out preparatory work... They consist in the fact that they trim the bottom sheet metal and insulation from the second row. The amount of undercut corresponds to the size of the joint.
Where the sheets are joined in width, seals are laid, for which sealing materials are used. If the slope is greater than 7%, it is necessary to strengthen the adhesion of the sandwich panels. This is done with additional screws that secure the longitudinal joints.
If the chosen slope value is optimal, the service life of the roof will be increased by reducing the load of the sandwich panels, which falls on the base of the structure.
Sandwich panels are modern version roofing material. Installation of roofing in the form of multilayer panels is not difficult, since the material weighs a little. Light weight is both an advantage and a disadvantage, as strong gusts of wind can tear off the coating.
In three-layer roofing panels, the outer layers are profiled metal (thickness 0.5-0.7 mm), inside there is a heat insulator (fiberglass, mineral wool, expanded polystyrene or polyurethane foam). All layers of a sandwich panel are a single product, the layers are connected using glue or pressing.
Advantages of roofing sandwich panels:
- Good noise and heat insulation;
- Original appearance;
- Refractoriness;
- Service life is more than twenty five years;
- Versatility - there are elements of different sizes.
Installation features
The roof, which is planned to be covered with sandwich panels, must have the correct slope. The slope of the roof is prescribed in SNiPs, an improper roof design reduces the service life of this roofing by almost half.
- If the roof has windows or skylights, the slope should be greater. In this case, the calculations are carried out on an individual basis.
Problems when choosing the wrong slope of roof slopes:
- Rapid material wear, deterioration of operational parameters;
- The occurrence of stagnant water;
- Poor waterproofing, roof leaks;
- Loss of aesthetic appeal.
