The gypsum fiber sheet used today varies, it all depends on its application. There are those that can only be used for dry rooms, and there are those that are suitable for conditions of high humidity. Manufacturers offer regular and moisture-resistant gypsum fiber board, which can perfectly replace even tiles in industrial premises characterized by high constant humidity (it is necessary to putty the walls before installation!).
Characteristics of gypsum fiber.
In addition, GVL sheets are divided into standard and small-format. The dimensions of standard slabs are: 2500 mm - length, 1200 mm - width, 10/12 mm - thickness. Small-format sheets have dimensions: 1500 mm - length, 1000 mm - width, 10/12 millimeters - thickness. Such small sheets are very convenient to mount on walls in bathrooms and toilets using wireless frame method(after this, the walls must be puttied with special moisture-resistant compounds).
All sheets that are used for installation on walls have a marking on the back side containing the characteristics of the sheet, its date of manufacture, and the name of the company that produced the material. Marking in mandatory should contain information on the type of longitudinal edge of the slab, the exact name of the material (regular or waterproof), the dimensions of one sheet in millimeters; designation of the group to which the material belongs.
Installation
Wall priming scheme.
Installation of GVL can be carried out on cleaned walls or after they have been putty (this depends on the condition of the wall). For this, the adhesive method is used, when the slabs are glued to the surface using gypsum putty or special glue. This can be done in several ways depending on the curvature of the wall; in some cases it is necessary to putty them first.
For the frame method, a special galvanized metal profile or wooden slats are used, to which the sheet is screwed.
The process of laying gypsum fiber sheets
Do-it-yourself installation of gypsum fiber sheets on walls can be done using two methods: frameless and frame. In the first case, the GVL slabs are glued to the surface, in the second, a special frame is first installed with your own hands, to which the sheets are screwed. Let's take a closer look at both installation methods.
Related article: Car organizer
DIY frameless installation
Stages of laying gypsum boards on the floor
For gypsum fiber sheets, the frameless method is rarely used, but for the walls of residential premises, gypsum fiber boards are the most preferable option. Installation using this method is carried out in the following sequence:
- If the walls are uneven up to 4 mm, the sheets must be glued directly to the surface of the walls using gypsum putty, which is applied in longitudinal ridges in a fairly thin layer along the perimeter of the gypsum fiber board, after which the sheet is glued to the wall.
- If the unevenness is 4-20 mm, the sheets are laid using a special glue, for example, Perflix. The composition is applied to the surface of the gypsum fiber board in the middle and along the perimeter of the slab in increments of 30-35 centimeters.
- If the unevenness is very large, from 20 to 40 mm, then installation is more difficult. First, with your own hands, using special glue, strips of gypsum fiber board with a width of 100 mm are glued to the surface of the walls, and only then the slabs themselves are glued to them using gypsum putty.
Installation using the frameless method is carried out as follows:
Scheme for attaching drywall with glue.
- Installation must be carried out before the finishing layer is laid. flooring. The room temperature should be between + 10°C. The sheets themselves should be kept in the room where the installation will take place for two to three days before work. Humidity and temperature conditions must be maintained for the entire installation period; For very wet rooms, such as bathrooms, it is better to use plasterboard moisture-resistant boards.
- If necessary, the walls must be prepared and cleaned of remnants of the old coating. If the surface delaminates, then strengthening measures should be taken. The wall is puttied, it must dry, after which installation can begin.
- After the puttying is completed, it should be corrected using building level verticality of the walls, presence of unevenness (the choice of installation method depends on this). The location of the slabs is marked on the surface. If necessary, the walls are treated with a primer.
- GVL slabs are cut out, holes are cut in them for switches and sockets. The height of each piece should be such that there is a gap of 8-12 mm at the bottom. After installing large slabs, small sections are installed below to bridge the gaps. To be on the safe side, the sheets can be screwed to the wall surface with self-tapping screws.
- The GVL boards themselves are glued to the wall using special compounds according to the chosen method. This is done with a calibrating notched trowel; after applying the mixture, the sheet is leveled using a mallet. If you plan to mount any furniture on the wall surface, then glue must be applied to the entire surface of the gypsum plasterboard.
- Apply the adhesive in an even layer and constantly ensure that the installation level is maintained at the same level. This is usually done using a stretched thread. The DIY installation itself starts from the corner. Gradually, the entire room is covered around the perimeter. To cover a wall made of wood, all sheets are additionally fastened with self-tapping screws or tar nails with very wide heads.
Related article: How to make an iron door with your own hands: technology
After laying gypsum fiber sheets on the walls of the room with your own hands, it is necessary to putty all joints and fastenings with nails so that the surface becomes perfectly flat. When the mixture has dried, you can begin further finishing.
Frame installation method
Scheme of fastening plasterboard to a metal frame.
The use of a frame for fastening is based on the use of metal or wooden profiles. If wooden slats are used, their cross-section for laying on the floor and ceiling should be no less than 30x50 mm; they are attached to the surface with screws; vertical posts should have a cross-section of 25x75 mm. The pitch of the racks should be no more than the width of one sheet of gypsum fiber board, 400-405 mm is recommended. GVL sheets are attached to the frame with self-tapping screws in increments of 250 mm (with a width of one slab of 1200-1205 mm). To insulate the space between the frame posts with your own hands, you can lay glass wool.
The technology for laying GVL slabs on the wall requires compliance with the following conditions:
- The pitch of the screws should not be less than 250 mm.
- The length of the screw for fastening must be at least 30 mm.
- All slabs are installed with your own hands, starting from the middle of the room, in a perpendicular direction.
- A gap of 5-7 mm is left between adjacent slabs, which then needs to be puttied.
Installation metal frame not much different from using wooden slats, but is considered more reliable. Galvanized metal profiles with a thickness of 0.56-0.6 mm are used for this. The guide profile used is rack, corner, ceiling and ceiling guide.
Do-it-yourself assembly is carried out in this way:
- First, the wall surface must be prepared, all remnants of the old coating must be removed. As a rule, the advantages of the frame method are that the wall does not need to be prepared, but many craftsmen advise puttingtying the surface before attaching the profile.
- After this, the installation of the frame begins; a ceiling profile is used as vertical posts; a guide is used for installation on the surface of the ceiling and floor. Before performing work, it is necessary to apply markings on the wall that will show exactly where to strengthen the profile. This must be done using a building level, a plumb line and a simple pencil.
- For fastening, brackets are used, fixed to the racks with self-tapping screws; the joining of the guide and rack profiles is carried out with a cutter with a bend. The profile is attached to the ceiling with dowels in increments of 60 cm, but the increment may be smaller.
- GVL sheets are mounted in a vertical direction; a small gap should be left between them, which must be puttied after installation.
Gypsum fiber sheet is a homogeneous material made from pressed reinforced gypsum and paper and is similar in appearance to drywall. GVL differs from gypsum board in that it is not covered with cardboard. It consists of two layers, one of which is primed. Today, gypsum fiber is widely used in finishing premises for various purposes, including those with strict fire safety requirements. Sometimes it is simply irreplaceable. Due to its strong structure, gypsum fiber board has increased strength and the sheet is suitable for creating load-bearing surfaces. Like gypsum board, it is mounted on glue. The advantage of GVL is great strength, but the disadvantage is weight. Unlike gypsum board, it is so heavy that it cannot withstand strong stretching and deformation; it cannot be bent. The material is thicker and more expensive than gypsum plasterboard. This is an environmentally friendly product with high soundproofing qualities. It is fire-resistant and moisture-resistant, formaldehyde-free, and has the highest heat capacity. GVL sheet is warm to the touch. Like gypsum plasterboard, gypsum board is used for the construction suspended ceiling, walls and floor. Due to the properties of GVL, it is used in damp, poorly heated rooms and where increased sound insulation is needed. Experts recommend using it instead of tiles even in rooms where there is constant humidity. When installing a floor, a gypsum fiber sheet creates a durable and warm base for the finishing coating on any base - wood, concrete or expanded clay. GCR is not very suitable for this. The choice of GVL is wide. Gypsum fiber, which resists moisture well, is used in any room, including bathrooms. Based on size, GVL is divided into standard and small-format sheets. Dimensions of a standard slab: length - 2.5 m, width - 1.2 m, thickness - 10 or 12 mm. The small-format sheet is smaller: 1.5 m is the length, 1 m is the width, and the thickness is the same. It is convenient and recommended for adhesive installation on the walls of bathrooms and toilets. Markings with information about the longitudinal edge, the name of the type of material (moisture-resistant or not), sheet dimensions, production date and company name are printed on the back side of the sheet. 👷♂️ No less important information on this topic: Gypsum fiber boards are a suitable material for covering walls. GVL is attached to the wall in the same way as gypsum boards, in two ways - frameless or framed. In the first case, they are mounted with glue, and in the second, they are fastened with self-tapping screws. The choice of method depends on the curvature and condition of the wall covering. Sometimes the walls have to be puttied, and sometimes a frame is required. Read also:– just the facts! Frameless installation of gypsum fiber boards is used less frequently, although this method is not bad. You don't need a frame, but you will need special glue. Installation is carried out as follows: GVL glue is used. In some cases, PVA glue is used, although this option is more suitable for floors. For wet rooms, moisture-resistant gypsum fiber is used. Before starting work, the walls are cleaned of weak old coating. If required, it is strengthened with a primer and puttied. Installation of the slabs begins after drying. First, the verticality of the wall is checked with a level and the places where the slabs will be installed are marked.Where used, sizes and markings
Frameless installation of gypsum fiber boards
Frameless method GVL installation
In the gypsum fiber boards cut according to the markings, cutouts are prepared for switches and sockets. The height of the GVL should provide gaps in the lower part of approximately 8-12 mm. They will be closed in sections after the main slabs are installed. For greater reliability, the plates are tightened with self-tapping screws.
Putty and glue are applied with a notched calibrating spatula. The level is controlled by a tensioned thread. Leveling the slabs is done with a mallet directly on the wall.
Plates are placed along the perimeter of the wall, starting from its corner. For cladding wooden walls Additionally, self-tapping screws or roofing felt nails are used.
Frame installation of GVL
The frame is made of wooden slats made of material with a cross-section of no less than 3.0 x 5.0 cm. The transverse size of the vertical posts is 2.5 x 7.5 cm. The fastening spacing does not exceed the width of the gypsum board, recommended - 40 cm. The gypsum board is mounted on self-tapping screws with a length of at least 30 mm in increments of 25 cm (with a slab width of 1.2 m). Glass wool is used for insulation.
The slabs are installed starting from the middle of the wall. A small gap is left between them, about 5-7 mm.
The metal frame is much more reliable. It is made from galvanized guides and load-bearing wall and ceiling profiles with a thickness of 0.56-0.6 mm, and installation is similar to lathing under plasterboard sheets.
Assembly is carried out as follows:
- The surface is being prepared. The old coating is removed. True, not all masters advise this, considering it an unnecessary waste of time and effort.
- Using a level, plumb line and pencil, mark the wall. For vertical racks take a ceiling profile. The guides are mounted in areas adjacent to the floor and ceiling.
- The brackets are attached to the racks with self-tapping screws, and the profiles are aligned using a folding cutter. The profiles are attached to the ceiling with dowels in increments of 60 cm or slightly less.
- GVL are installed from bottom to top or top to bottom with a small gap between them.
After installation, the resulting surface is treated with gypsum putty, the joints and places where screws are screwed in are completely covered.
GVL: arguments for and against
If you compare gypsum fiber with plasterboard, you will immediately notice the identity of the materials. They are made from the same raw material (gypsum) and use different technologies. Both materials are intended for interior decoration. They have similar, high levels of environmental friendliness, are equally resistant to moisture, and, under certain conditions, resistant to fire.
Thus, the material is chosen depending on the capabilities of the wallet and the purpose of the room. GVL has the following advantages:
- Strength. This is strong material. It can withstand severe compression loads. Drywall is more fragile in this regard. GVL is tougher to work with and does not crumble. Drywall breaks during transportation, loading and unloading and absorbs moisture.
- Moisture resistance is one of the advantages of gypsum fiber.
- GVL is more environmentally friendly. The structure of gypsum fiber does not collapse over time and does not create dust in the room.
- It is not flammable, whereas simple drywall is treated to achieve such indicators.
- It has the highest heat capacity and sound insulation. Where insulation and silence are needed, GVL cannot be replaced by anything.
The video shows the installation of GVL in the bathroom:
The disadvantages of GVL include the following:
- Weak in bending and not suitable for creating curved structures.
- It is not plastic, so it is not widely used.
GVL is an excellent material. It is perfect for interior work in any premises, including bathrooms, toilets, installation suspended ceilings, construction of fences, partitions and similar structures.
They purchase GVL in a specialized store after consultation with a seller or specialist who will recommend the appropriate material. They buy it without any reserve, since there is no waste of material during installation.
In contact with
Frame partitions made of plasterboard (GKL) or gypsum fiber (GVL) sheets quick and easy to install with your own hands. There is no need to pay for the work of installation specialists and minimum costs for finishing, they make these partitions are the most inexpensive - cheap.
A frame partition is a structure made of steel profiles or wooden blocks with plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets screwed on both sides in one or two or three layers.
The space between the sheathing sheets is filled for sound insulation purposes. mineral wool.
These partitions are lightweight, quick to install and, with appropriate design, provide a level of sound insulation that meets the standard, and even more.
Frame partitions in most cases provide better sound insulation than partitions made of stone masonry materials of the same thickness. As a result, the device, instead of interior walls made of stone materials, frame partitions allows increase the space in the house.
Soundproofing partition on a single metal frame with double-layer cladding on both sides. 1 - gypsum board sheathing sheets (GSP, GVL); 2 — galvanized steel guide profile PN 50x40 (75x40, 100x40); 3 — rack profile PS 50x50 (75x50, 100x50); 4 — slabs of acoustic mineral wool; 5 - self-tapping screws; 6 - putty; 7 — reinforcing tape; 8 - dowel-nail; 9 — sealing tape;
Plasterboard partitions are installed after the construction of the house frame is completed, already under the roof. If the premises have not dried out from construction moisture and in rooms with high humidity, moisture-resistant gypsum sheets should be used for cladding.
Due to its low weight (20-50 kg/m 2), partitions can be placed on the ceiling anywhere.
Partition thickness on a metal frame made of a standard profile can be from 7.5 cm. up to 15 cm.(on profile 10 cm. with double skin).
Various communications can be placed inside the partition frame. For the passage of pipes and wires in protective shells, holes are cut in the frame profiles. Some manufacturers produce profiles with ready-made holes for the passage of communications. The width of the frame profile should be slightly larger than the diameter of the pipes. The pipes must be covered with a layer of sound insulation.
To cover the partition frame in wet rooms - bathrooms, laundry rooms, boiler rooms, or in unheated ones - garage, basement, moisture-resistant plasterboard (GKLV) or gypsum fiber (GVLV) sheets are used.
The sound insulation of frame or hollow partitions increases with the mass and density of the sheathing material, as well as the width and sound-absorbing properties of the air gap between the sheathing.
The sound insulation of walls with windows or doors is practically determined by the sound insulation of the openings, which is usually lower than that of the blind part of the fence. Focus your efforts on increasing the sound insulation of doors, and then select a partition design with adequate sound insulation capacity.
The set of rules, SP 51.13330.2011 “Protection from noise”, establishes the following regulatory indices of airborne noise insulation of walls and partitions of residential premises Rw, dB(decibel), not less:
Specified standards are established for the mid-frequency range air noise 100 – 3150 Hz. To protect against low-frequency sounds, such as a home theater subwoofer, you need more powerful sound insulation that works specifically in the low-frequency noise range.
To ensure the necessary sound insulation of frame partitions, the following measures are taken:
- Sheathing the frame with a double or even triple layer of sheets on one, or better yet, both sides improves the sound insulation of the partition.
- Gypsum fiber sheets are heavier, so sheathing made from this material dampens sound better. Higher sound insulation will be found in frame partitions lined with massive but flexible sheet materials . Therefore, plasterboard (or gypsum fiber) sheets (density 850-1000 kg/m 3 . Therefore, plasterboard (or gypsum fiber) sheets (density 850-1000).
- ) is preferable to chipboard, MDF, OSB boards (density 700-750 The space of the frame between the sheathing sheets is filled with sound-absorbing mineral wool slabs. Soundproofing slabs can be thinner than the width of the frame profile. The presence of some air gap between the slabs and the sheathing increases sound insulation by low frequencies dB. However, it is necessary to ensure the continuity of the sound-absorbing layer of slabs. Every hole or crack is an excellent conductor of sound. Special sound-absorbing slabs made of acoustic mineral wool provide an increase in sound insulation of frame partitions, depending on their design, by 5-8
- . The use of arbitrary insulation materials in soundproofing structures leads to a much smaller effect or does not have any effect on sound insulation at all.
- The racks and guide profiles of the frame are attached to the walls and ceilings through a soundproofing elastic tape, which prevents sounds from transferring to the partition.
- The partition is made on two independent frames with only outer cladding, with sound-absorbing mineral wool slabs laid and an air gap between them according to the scheme shown in the figure below - w115. Sound insulation of a frame partition made of gypsum plasterboard on two independent frames 2x50 mm always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
mm. 1) acoustic mineral wool AcoustCWool Concept (54 kg/m 3 ±10%, NG) is used as a sound-absorbing layer; 3) sound insulation of the original partition w111 is Rw = 41 dB;
4) w115 - two independent frames with a gap of 50 mm. For comparison
- — brick partitions made of solid ceramic bricks, plastered on both sides, have the following noise insulation index values: dB;
- single brick wall (thickness with plaster 280 mm) - Rw = 54 dB;
- half-brick wall (thickness with plaster 150 mm) - Rw = 47 dB.
- the same in half a brick from hollow ceramic bricks - Rw = 37 dB.
- half-brick wall made of sand-lime brick – Rw=52 dB.
- wall made of cellular concrete blocks with a thickness of 180 plaster always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100— Rw=44 dB.
Many people ask the question about why is the difference in Rw so small? For different options partition designs?
The fact is that the sensitivity of the human ear decreases as the power of sound radiation increases. For example, if the power of sound radiation increases approximately 10 times, then a person will perceive such an increase in sound volume only twice. Sound level unit dB(decibel) is a relative value that reflects this dependence. Difference 2 dB means that the sound volume for a person will change twice, while the power of sound radiation will change approximately 10 times.
Installation of a plasterboard partition
The width of the metal frame profile, material and number of cladding layers are selected depending on the required level of sound insulation, as well as the diameter of the communication pipes inside the partition.
The standard width of the metal frame profile is 50; 75; or 100 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 It is recommended to choose plasterboard sheets for cladding partitions with a thickness of 12.5 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100, gypsum fiber – at least 10 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
Sheathing made from gypsum fiber sheets is more durable and “quiet,” moisture- and fire-resistant than plasterboard. However, gypsum fiber sheets are heavier and more expensive, and finishing a gypsum fiber partition is more difficult to complete.
It is better to choose mineral wool sound-absorbing boards with a width equal to the distance between the frame posts plus 1-2 cm. so that the slabs fit tightly between the racks. The thickness of the sound insulation boards should not exceed the width of the frame profile, otherwise the sheathing may swell over time.
The figure shows a partition with a sound insulation coefficient Rw = 53-55 dB. : 1 - soundproof elastic tape under the ceiling profile; 2 - frame stand made of profile 75 wide always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100; 3 - soundproof elastic tape under the profile on the wall; 4 - slabs of acoustic mineral wool with a thickness of 50 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100; 5 — concrete screed floating floor; 6 — floating floor soundproofing slabs; 7 - soundproof elastic tape; 8 - sheathing made of two layers of plasterboard or gypsum fiber sheets; 9 - soundproof elastic tape under the profile on the ceiling;
Acoustic mineral wool slabs 50 thick always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 stacked between frame posts with a width of 75 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 with offset - one slab is pressed against one side of the partition, and the next slab is pressed against the opposite side of the partition.
Installation of the partition begins with marking the boundaries on the lower ceiling or floor. Using a plumb line, the boundaries of the partitions are transferred to the walls and ceiling. Then the frame guide profiles are attached to the floor and ceiling using dowels. Dowel pitch no more than 1000 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
Rack profiles are similarly attached to adjacent walls. Do not forget between the profiles and the surface of the walls and ceilings of the building lay soundproofing tape made of cork, polyurethane or other elastic material.
Rack profiles are inserted into the guide profiles on the floor and ceiling and secured with self-tapping screws in increments that are a multiple of the width of the sheathing sheets - but not more than 600 mm. When used for sheathing 9.5-thick plasterboard always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 in one layer, as well as in places experiencing increased loads, it is recommended to reduce the pitch of the racks to 300 - 400 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
Between the rack profiles above doorways and at the joints of the sheathing sheets, horizontal frame profiles are additionally installed. The joints of single-layer sheathing sheets, both vertical and horizontal, must be located on the frame profile.
The rack profiles along the doorway are strengthened by inserting a wooden block or another profile inside the box-shaped section of the profile.
Sheathing sheets are attached to the frame profile with self-tapping screws in increments of 20-25 cm. over the entire area of the sheet, and not just along the edges. For the first layer of double cladding, the screw pitch is increased to 60 cm. The joints of the slabs are spaced apart. Self-tapping screws must be spaced from the edge of the sheet at a distance of at least 10-15 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 In this case, the screws in two adjacent vertical rows (when fastening two sheets on one rack) must be offset vertically by at least 15 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
Installation of gypsum board sheets must be done in the same direction with the open part of the rack profile, which ensures that the screws are installed primarily closer to the wall, and when attaching an adjacent sheet, the screw being screwed in will not bend the profile flange inward.
The screws must enter the plasterboard at right angles and penetrate the metal frame profile to a depth of at least 10 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 The screw heads must be buried into the board to a depth of at least 1 mm without damaging the cardboard.
A gap of 5 should be left between the sheathing and the ceiling always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100, and between the casing and the floor - 10 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 Joints of plasterboard and gypsum fiber sheets with a seam edge are made without gaps, and with a straight edge - a gap of 5-7 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 In three-layer sheathing, the sheets of the third layer are attached to the sheets of the second layer with self-tapping screws 22 long always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
To increase the rigidity of the partition and eliminate cracks at the joints, above the doorway, the joint of the sheathing sheets must be placed closer to the middle of the opening, as shown in the figure, where item 1 is the joints of the sheathing sheets; 2 – door opening.
After covering the frame on one side, communications are laid inside the frame, and sound insulation slabs are laid tightly between the racks without gaps. If the thickness of the slabs is less than the width of the frame profile, then the soundproofing material is placed in the grooves of the profiles and secured with liners made of mineral wool slabs, laid between the surface of the slabs and the inner flange of the profile.
The soundproofing board can also be glued to the inside of the partition sheathing.
Communication pipes and electrical wiring passed through the lining of the partition in elastic sleeves made of porous polyethylene or other elastic materials that do not allow the formation of through cracks during temperature movement of the pipes. Where pipes pass through the partition, the layer of sound-absorbing filler should not be interrupted - pipes should be covered with soundproofing slabs at least on one side.
Electrical wires and cables are placed in the voids of the partition between the sheathing sheets in such a way that to avoid damage to the insulation sharp edges of cut frame steel or screws when attaching the sheathing. After this, the second side of the frame is sheathed.
The results of the work on installing a soundproofing partition may be unsatisfactory if you are careless and leave even small holes and cracks that are not filled with soundproofing material. Defects in the sound insulation layer are especially common at the junctions of the partition with walls, ceilings and door frame, as well as in places where electrical boxes are installed and communications pass through.
Interface, connection of frame partitions with other house structures
The pairing of two partitions at an angle of 90 degrees should be done as shown in the figure. This solution provides better sound insulation between adjacent rooms.
To ensure good sound insulation in rooms with plasterboard partitions It is recommended to install a floating floor.
The parts of the floating floor are connected to the ceiling and partition structures only through elastic soundproofing elements. Thanks to this, the floating floor does not transmit impact noise to adjacent rooms and serves as a barrier to airborne noise.
The picture above shows options for connecting a floating bathroom floor (right) and a room (left) to a plasterboard partition.
Finishing a plasterboard partition
Joints plasterboard sheets with a profiled edge and the junctions with the walls are filled with special gypsum putty. A fiberglass mesh reinforcing tape is embedded into the layer of putty along the joint.
The recesses in the places where the self-tapping screws are installed are also filled with putty. After the putty has dried, the surface of the joints is sanded. Provided the joints are carefully finished, the entire surface of the sheets does not need to be puttied.
Walls sheathed with sheets with a rectangular edge, after sealing the joints, are covered with a continuous layer (2-3 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100) finishing putty. For filling joints the putty recommended by the manufacturer should be used purchased plasterboards. Manufacturers select the composition of the putty in such a way that, if the technology for installing the structure and sealing the seams is followed, the joint will be strong and durable.
You should not use materials that are not intended for this purpose for filling joints, for example, compositions for thin-layer finishing surface filling. Under no circumstances should such a replacement be made, since such compositions do not have sufficient strength - subsequently the seams will almost certainly crack.
At the corners of the partitions, a special metal corner profile is embedded in a layer of putty, which strengthens the corner.
It should be taken into account that microcracks may appear over time at the joints of sheets, which are difficult to disguise by painting. Therefore, for finishing plasterboard partitions It is safer to use wallpaper, tiles or other types of finishing that are not sensitive to microcracks in the base.
Soundproofing panels instead of drywall
It was noted above in the article that covering the frame with a double or even triple layer of sheets on one, or better yet, on both sides improves the sound insulation of the partition. Moreover, it is more effective to use multi-layer and massive cladding sheets.
Soundproofing panel thickness 12 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 from corrugated cardboard. The cavities in the panel are filled with vibration-compacted quartz sand. On construction market soundproofing panels made of special corrugated cardboard have appeared, which are convenient and profitable to use for covering frame partitions as a bottom layer. The panels are sold under different brands.
The panel design contains alternating layers of materials with different acoustic properties. This ensures multiple reflection and scattering of sound waves. The friction of sand grains under the influence of sound waves further reduces the sound energy.
The large weight of soundproofing panels allows them to effectively reduce noise, including at low frequencies.
Dimensions of one panel 1200 x 800 (600) always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100, thickness 8-22 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 and weight 10.5 - 21 kg. The panels can be easily sawed with a hand saw or power tool. When sawing, slight spillage of filler may occur. The edge of the cut is covered with construction tape. Weight of panel thickness 12 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 equal to 19.6 kg.(19,7 kg/m 2)
Soundproofing a frame partition with soundproofing panels made of corrugated cardboard The panels are fixed to the frame using self-tapping screws. After installation, the joints of the panels are puttied and taped. Drywall sheets are glued to the panels with mounting adhesive in increments of 300 x 300 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 and additionally attach directly to panels self-tapping screws in increments of 400 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
The figure shows the frequency response of sound insulation of a frame partition. Light green shows the characteristics of a partition made of PS 50/50 profile with the frame filled with acoustic mineral wool and sheathed with 12.5-thick plasterboard sheets always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100 in one layer on each side. The dark green color shows an increase in the sound insulation of the partition if the partition is sheathed on one side with sheets in two layers. Moreover, as the bottom layer, use soundproofing panels made of corrugated cardboard with a thickness of 12 always higher than a partition on one frame with a width of 100
Watch the educational film “Installation of a plasterboard partition.”
Besides, You can view and download:
- Guide to the installation of soundproofing partitions, floors, ceilings and cladding Knauf - ;
- Guidelines for installing plasterboard partitions on a metal frame -;
- Guide to installing plasterboard partitions on a wooden frame -.
Materials for frame partitions in your city
Dry construction materials
How to attach various objects to a frame partition
You can drive a nail or screw a self-tapping screw into a sheet of plasterboard sheathing. This mount will support the weight of a painting or mirror weighing up to 0.5 kg.
If you attach a hook to the sheathing with two self-tapping screws, then, depending on the thickness of the sheathing layer, you can hang an object weighing 2-6 kg on the hook. the distance between adjacent screws must be at least 30mm.
Expandable dowel at the top and DRIVA screw dowel at the bottom To fasten heavier objects, such as bookshelves, to the casing, expandable or spiral dowels are used. There is no need to drill a hole for the spiral dowel. It screws directly into the sheathing sheet.
Permissible point load on a special anchor embedded in a sheet of plasterboard is no more than 20 kg. or 60 kg. for two-layer sheathing.
For installing heavier objects on the partition in the places where they are attached, an additional frame profile should be installed, or a plywood panel should be fixed between adjacent frame posts under the sheathing (for example, for fastening wall-mounted boiler, heating boiler or washbasin).
Folding butterfly dowels embedded in a sheet of plasterboard can withstand point loads of up to 30 kg.
Next article:
Previous article:
Noise insulation. Soundproofing. Acoustic. Acoustic. Vibration isolation. Noise-absorbing, vibration-acoustic. Vibration resistant. Vibration-absorbing. Vibration dampening. Viscoelastic. GKL. Metal profile. Drywall
Gypsum fiber sheets are a universal material, ideal for leveling walls, making partitions and various designs indoors.
Made from natural gypsum and natural cellulose, absolutely environmentally friendly and safe for health.
The breathable structure of the sheet provides optimal humidity, air exchange for a comfortable indoor microclimate.
Figure 1. Walls lined with GVL.
TOP 3 best products according to customers
Types and advantages of GVL
Gypsum fiber sheets are a pressed material with a homogeneous structure.
There are two types of gypsum fiber sheets on sale: GVL and GVLV.
For cladding walls and installing partitions in living rooms, ordinary gypsum fiber sheets - GVL - are suitable.
Figure 2. GVLKnauf.
In rooms with high humidity it is necessary to use moisture-resistant sheets - GVLV.
It is possible to use moisture-resistant gypsum fiber sheets in bathrooms, unheated and damp basements, garages, industrial and warehouse buildings.
GVL sheets are available with straight and folded edges.
Sheets with seams are intended for wall cladding; those with straight edges are used for dry floor screeds.
Standard dimensions of gypsum plasterboard for walls, in millimeters:
- length—1500, 2000, 2500, 3000;
- width—500, 1000, 1200;
- GVL thickness - 10, 12, 15, 20;
Gypsum fiber sheets are much stronger than gypsum boards, due to the cellulose reinforcing fibers present in the sheet mass, and have many advantages:
- fire-resistant material, does not support combustion;
- you can hammer nails and screw in screws;
- cuts well with a hacksaw or grinder electric jigsaw, processed with a plane;
- not subject to temperature expansion;
- reduces labor costs and finishing time;
- suitable for any finishing materials;
- compatible with all types of adhesives and putties;
- are easily mounted on wooden and metal frames, forming a perfectly flat surface.
Disadvantages of GVL:
- rigid sheets are not suitable for cladding curved structures;
- high price;
- heavy weight compared to gypsum board.
Installation methods
Gypsum fiber sheets can be mounted on a frame made of metal profiles or wooden blocks, as well as directly on the wall, using putty, polyurethane foam or special adhesive mixtures.
The metal frame is superior to wood in many technical and operational characteristics:
- resistant to external influences, not affected by fungus, mold and pests;
- easy to install;
- does not burn;
- not subject to deformation;
- strong, reliable and durable.
Metal profiles are divided into guides and main ones.
Horizontal guide profiles are marked with the letters PN. This is the base of the frame to which the vertical main posts are attached.
The main racks are marked with the letters PS. Gypsum fiber sheets are hung on them.
Figure 3. The rack profile is inserted into the guide profile.
A wooden frame is cheaper than a metal one, but has a number of significant disadvantages:
- affected by pests and microorganisms:
- subject to deformation and shrinkage:
- flammable
The frame is needed for insulation and soundproofing of walls and partitions, with significant unevenness of the walls, to use the space for laying under the cladding engineering communications.
The frameless method of installing gypsum fiber boards is used if there are minor unevenness of the walls, up to 50 millimeters.
Installation of GVL on a metal frame
Before starting work, we clean the floor, walls and ceiling of construction debris, dirt, and possible influxes of concrete or mortar.
The work is performed in the following sequence:
1.Marking the frame
Before proceeding with the installation of profiles for wall cladding or installation of partitions from gypsum fiber sheets on the frame, it is necessary to carry out horizontal and vertical markings of the surfaces of walls and ceilings, drawing installation lines for profiles and attachment points for suspensions.
Figure 4. Marking the wall for gypsum board sheathing.
To do this, we use a laser level or a plumb line and a tape measure.
We draw the lines using a tapping cord and a pencil.
- The distance from the profile to the wall is determined by calculating the thickness of the insulation and the location engineering systems and put marks in the corners. Using a cord and a pencil, transfer the marks to the floor, marking a horizontal line. Using a plumb line, transfer the line to the ceiling. We will mount the main horizontal profile along the resulting parallel lines.
- We determine the installation locations of vertical support profiles based on the width of the sheets and place marks along the perimeter of the premises. We divide the resulting segments into sections of 400 - 600 millimeters, obtaining the installation step of the vertical profiles.
- We mark the attachment points of horizontal jumpers and plumb lines by dividing the vertical strips into segments of about 500 millimeters.
Important!
Markings should be carried out strictly according to the level to avoid deformations and the formation of cracks after finishing work is completed.
2.Mounting the frame
We attach the upper and lower horizontal profiles to the ceiling with screws and dowels, at intervals of about 50 centimeters.
To the walls, according to the established marks, we attach distance brackets for installing vertical racks, in increments of 50 - 100 centimeters.
We cut the rack profiles into segments equal to the distance from the floor to the ceiling. We insert the upper and lower ends of the profiles into horizontal profiles.
We fasten the vertical posts with self-tapping screws to the side walls of the horizontal profiles and the legs of the brackets. We bend the protruding parts of the legs or cut them off with a grinder.
Figure 5. Installation of a galvanized metal frame.
We tie the vertical posts with horizontal jumpers at right angles using “crab” connections.
Important!
Attach profiles and hangers to the wall through elastic damper sealing tape, which dampens vibrations and impact noise, leveling out minor unevenness in walls and ceilings.
Figure 6. Gluing the sealing tape.
3.Insulation and sound insulation
Between the profiles we lay mineral wool insulation on a synthetic binder. We install rigid slabs in spacers, and roll material fasten with umbrella dowels or glue.
We cover the insulation on top with a vapor barrier membrane. It will protect the insulation from moisture penetrating through the plasterboard from the room. In living rooms you can do without a vapor barrier.
Figure 7. Insulation and insulation of an external wall.
We glue vibration-isolating porous tape onto the profile.
4. Fastening gypsum fiber sheets to a metal frame
When purchasing gypsum fiber boards, consider the height of the premises to avoid transverse joints.
Important!
Before installation begins, gypsum board sheets must be kept in the conditions where installation will take place for at least four days. So that the material adapts to the humidity and temperature of the room.
You need to start installing the sheets from the window or door.
We set the GVL strictly according to the level so that the edge of the sheet is located strictly according to center line vertical profile. Sheets can only be joined using profile posts. We fix it with self-tapping screws, 25 millimeters long, in increments of 20 centimeters along the perimeter of the sheet.
With a two-layer sheathing, the pitch of the self-tapping screws for fastening the first sheet can be up to 750 millimeters.
We fasten the next sheets in the same way, making a gap between the sheets of 4-5 millimeters.
To attach drywall around the window, place the sheet in place and draw the perimeter of the opening from the inside. In this case, the edge of the sheet should be no less than 20 centimeters away from the opening.
Using the marked lines, we cut out the opening and fasten the sheet in place.
When constructing slopes from gypsum plasterboard, we cut out the elements to size and attach them to the frame.
Important!
When screwing self-tapping screws into gypsum boards, it is important to recess the caps by 1-2 millimeters. To do this, it is better to install a limiter on the screwdriver.
When covering walls with multi-layers, we shift the sheets of the subsequent layer relative to the first by at least 400 millimeters in horizontal joints, and by the step of the racks in vertical joints.
Figure 8. Layout diagram of gypsum fiber board in 2 layers.
To protect the outer corners of the GVL from mechanical damage, we attach metal perforated profiles made of galvanized steel to the corners.
Figure 9. Fastening a galvanized perforated profile.
Internal corners must be puttied using reinforcing tape bent in half.
After completing the cladding, seal the joints of the screws, corners and seams between the sheets with putty. To prevent cracking of the putty, we pre-glue the seams with reinforcing tape. It is better to use mesh tape, serpyanka, with an adhesive composition applied to the back side.
When using serpyanka, glue it to the seams between the sheets, and then apply putty.
Figure 10. Gluing serpyanka to gypsum board seams.
We glue paper or non-woven tapes to the seams filled with putty. We also apply a thin layer of putty on top of the tape and level it with a spatula.
Figure 11. Sticker of reinforcing tape.
We sand the dried putty with fine sandpaper or a special mesh and, if necessary, putty again.
We sand again, remove dust and prime with a penetrating primer.
Wooden wall cladding
You can veneer wooden walls using a metal frame, wooden slats or polyurethane foam.
Figure 12. Wood cladding GVL walls on a wooden sheathing.
Wooden slatted sheathing - the best option for a wooden house. It slightly reduces the size of the room compared to a metal frame.
For wooden frame Coniferous bars treated with antiseptics and fire retardants are used.
A block with a cross-section of 60x50 millimeters is suitable for constructing the frame of partitions; for cladding walls without insulation, a cross-section of 25x40 is sufficient.
Figure 13. Cladding wooden walls with gypsum fiber board over wooden sheathing.
The frameless method of wooden walls made of timber is allowed.
Frameless method of fastening GVL
To determine the possibility and option of attaching sheets directly to the wall, without installing a frame, you need to check the curvilinearity of the walls using a plumb line and a two-meter lath.
If the curvature of the walls is more than 50 millimeters, fixing the gypsum board with glue is not advisable. This method of fastening is not suitable for cladding rooms with a height of more than three meters.
Before starting work, we carry out preparatory work:
- we clean the wall surfaces from old ones finishing materials, oil contamination, dirt and dust.
- we seal cracks, voids and depressions with repair compounds;
- We impregnate the wall surfaces with primer twice.
To prevent moisture from getting on the sheets and to prevent shrinkage deformations, we leave technological gaps at the top and bottom of the wall, placing sheet cuttings or wooden blocks at the bottom.
Liquid nails, putties, silicone sealants, tile adhesive or any gypsum and cement mixtures.
When attaching gypsum fiber sheets to polyurethane foam, it is advisable to purchase it with a minimum coefficient of expansion, and when gluing the sheets, immediately fix them firmly.
The porous structure of GVL has good adhesion and provides reliable adhesion to any binder.
We begin installing the sheets with glue from the corner of the room, pressing the sheets along the entire plane to the wall and controlling their verticality with the help of a strip and a plumb line.
Figure 14. Frameless method of fastening GVL.
Depending on the curvature of the walls, we choose fastening methods:
- If the unevenness of the walls is more than 20 millimeters, we first attach leveling strips of gypsum board or gypsum fiber board, at least one hundred millimeters wide, to the walls, then with a notched trowel we apply glue in even continuous strips to the sheets in the places adjacent to the leveling guides.
- If unevenness is up to 20 millimeters, apply glue in molds to the sheet with an interval of 250 - 350 millimeters. At the same time, we apply support beacons from the solution on the wall, three or four marks in a row, with a distance between rows of up to 600 millimeters.
- When absolutely smooth walls Apply the glue in a thin continuous layer, leveling it with a notched trowel.
The choice of cladding method depends on the wall material, individual requirements and financial capabilities.
Different fastening methods allow you to achieve a smooth, durable base for any finishing. It is important to carry out the work strictly observing building codes, rules and installation technology.
They tell you more about the installation of partitions of the C36 series of complete KNAUF systems
I. BESSONOV, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, leading researcher at NIISF RAASN,
Honorary Builder of Russia; A. ZHUKOV, Ph.D. tech. Sciences, Associate Professor MGSU
and O. YALUNINA, postgraduate student at NIISF
Basic elements of partitions
Partitions using plasterboard and gypsum fiber sheets are used for dry finishing of premises. Compared to partitions made of brick or concrete blocks, their installation speed is higher, their weight is lower, and finishing costs are lower.
Gypsum fiber sheet (GOST R 51829-2001) - homogeneous building a material obtained by semi-dry pressing from a mixture of gypsum binder and fluffed waste paper.
Heat and sound insulation materials: products made of mineral or glass fiber with a synthetic binder, as well as other materials that have fire and hygienic safety certificates for use in premises for the corresponding purpose.
The thickness of the insulating layer must be at least half the distance between the internal surfaces of the gypsum fiber board. The thermal resistance of the structure and sound insulation indices are determined by calculation. Most commonly used brands thermal insulation materials are given in the first section. In KNAUF systems, it is recommended to use KNAUF INSULATION fiberglass products, and in SAINT GOBIN systems - ISOVER fiberglass products.
The metal frame consists of galvanized metal PS and PN profiles. The shelves of the PS profile have longitudinal corrugations that increase rigidity. The central corrugation is a guideline both for precise assembly of the frame and for installation of gypsum fiber boards. There are three pairs of holes in the wall of each profile that allow installation of utility lines inside the partitions. Guide profiles are produced with ready-made holes with a diameter of 8 mm in the wall, intended for fastening with dowels. This greatly simplifies the process of attaching the profile to the supporting base. If necessary, additional holes for dowels can be drilled in the profile wall using a drill.
The rack profile is attached to the guide using a cutter - the “notch with bend” method. It is allowed to connect rack profiles along the length using the attachment method or end-to-end with an additional profile. In both cases, the length of the overlap must be at least 10 times the length “a” of the profile wall, and the length of the additional profile must be at least 20 times the length “a”. The profiles are connected using a cutter or LN9 screws.
Wooden frame. Racks and guides are made from lumber from rocks of at least 2nd grade according to GOST 8486-86. The frame bars are treated with fire retardants and antiseptics in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.03.01.87. Wood moisture content should not exceed 12 ± 3%.
To fasten gypsum fiber boards to the frame of partitions and fasten frame elements together, self-tapping screws, steel screws, universal dowels, anchors, and MJP are used.
Partitions using "KNAUF supersheets"
Element-by-element partitions covered with KNAUF supersheets (gypsum fiber sheets) are structures intended for use in residential, public and industrial buildings, in which:
- for intersectional non-load-bearing walls and partitions, as well as for partitions separating common corridors from other premises, regulatory requirements according to fire resistance limits at class fire danger designs KO 45;
- on evacuation routes (in lobbies, staircases, elevator lobbies) the use of materials with a higher fire hazard than G1, B1, D1, T1 is not allowed;
- walls and partitions are subject to requirements for effective comprehensive fire protection and sound insulation.
Characteristics of C36 partitions
*Depends on size cross section the rack profiles used and the distance between them in the partition frame (a).
**In relation to the thickness of the KNAUF supersheet 10 (12.5) mm.
***Depending on the thickness of the “KNAUF supersheet” and the depth of the air gap, filled with mineral wool slabs of various bulk densities.
C36 partitions can also be used as fire barriers, subject to the requirements of clause 5.14 of SNiP 21-01-97*. Their use is not limited to: structural systems and types, levels of responsibility, degrees of fire resistance and functional fire hazard classes, number of storeys of buildings, as well as climatic and geotechnical conditions construction.
Height of partitions with sheathing made of gypsum fiber sheets
Partitions of element-by-element assembly are preferable to similar masonry-type structures in terms of loads on floors, deformation stability, the possibility of dismantling, implementation of individual planning and design solutions, as well as on basic technical and economic indicators.
Height of partitions on a wooden frame
The basis of the partition designs are metal frames of various constructive solutions and double-sided cladding in one or several layers of KNAUF supersheets. The elements of metal frames are: rack profile (PS) and guide profile (PN), made of galvanized steel.
Consumption of materials
Notes:
1. Values in parentheses are given for the case when the height of the partition exceeds the length of the gypsum fiber sheet.
2. Standard consumption of materials and labor costs for partition options: C361, C362, C365, C366 solid, with one, two, three doorways and an expansion joint, see IESN - 81-02-10-2001.
3. Material consumption is given per 1 m2 of partition (based on a partition measuring 2.75 x 4 m = 11 m2 without openings and cutting losses).
To provide heat and sound insulation, as well as increase the fire resistance of structures, insulating material can be laid in the cavity between the frame posts. In addition, various electrical wiring and utilities can be located in the frame cavity. Expansion joints are installed every 15 m of the partition with mandatory repetition expansion joints enclosing structures.
Installation of partitions
Work on the installation of partitions is carried out in stages, in accordance with technological maps, sequential operations. The general stages of work for all types of partitions are:
- installation of a metal frame: marking of the design position; installation of guide profiles; installation of rack profiles.
- sheathing the partition frame: sticking a dividing tape at the junction of the partition sheathing with the surface of the walls and ceiling;
- sheathing with gypsum fiber sheets on one side; laying utilities and installing a soundproofing layer; covering the frame on the reverse side; Puttying joints and screw recesses. In multilayer sheathing, successive layers of gypsum fiber board are installed layer by layer on each side, followed by puttying of the joints in each layer.
- preparing the surface for finishing: removing excess separating tape; grinding, if necessary, the putty surface.
Installation work
Installation of gypsum fiber board partitions is carried out during the finishing work (during the cold season with heating connected), before the installation of a clean floor, in conditions corresponding to operational ones. Finishing work must be carried out in strict accordance with the requirements of the project and KNAUF technical documentation. Before installing partitions, gypsum fiber sheets must undergo mandatory acclimatization (adaptation) in the room.
Rice. 1. Partition C366
Fastening of the frame guide profiles is carried out using Dichtungsband sealing tape or sealant with dowels with a pitch of no more than 1,000 mm, but not less than three fastenings per profile. Rack profiles are installed in guides with a design pitch. The height of the rack profile should be less than the distance between the upper and lower guides by 10 mm under normal conditions and by 20 mm under seismic conditions. Fastening the rack profiles to the guides is carried out with a special tool (notcher).
A guide profile (PN 50/40, 65/40, 75/40, 100/40) or a block is attached to the floor and ceiling. The pitch of the frame posts, depending on the maximum height of the partition, is 600, 400 or 300 mm (for subsequent cladding ceramic tiles take a pitch of 400 mm). The posts adjacent to the enclosing structures are secured with dowels.
In the design of the C366 partition (with space for laying communications), rack profiles of the same name are connected into frame racks with overlays made of KNAUF supersheets, placed in height in increments of 600 mm.
Rice. 2. Partition C367
In the design of the C367 partition, the guide profile PN 100/40 is attached to the floor and ceiling. The rack profile is attached to the adjacent enclosing structures: to reinforced concrete elements - using an anchor metal dowel, and to brick walls- using expansion dowels. The step of fastening the guide profile to the floor and ceiling is 500 mm, and the rack profile to the enclosing structures is 1,000 mm, but not less than three fastenings per profile. Rack profiles PS 100/50 are installed in guides with a pitch of 300 mm.
Rice. 3. Partition C369
In the C368/369 partition design, the wooden frame posts are attached to the guide bars using nails or screws.
The laying of utilities associated with the sheathing of the partition frame must exclude the possibility of their damage by the sharp edges of the frame elements and screws during the process of attaching gypsum fiber sheets to it.
When sheathing, KNAUF supersheets are placed vertically. The gap between the sheet and the ceiling should be taken to be about 5 mm. To meet fire protection requirements, the gap is sealed with a putty mixture, and to meet sound insulation requirements, the gap is sealed with sealant. It is not allowed to join “KNAUF-supersheets” on racks adjacent to the door frame. Expansion joints are installed in partitions no more than every 8-10 m with the obligatory repetition of expansion joints of enclosing structures.
Joints of KNAUF supersheets with a folded edge are made without gaps, and with a straight edge - with a gap of 5-7 mm. Gypsum fiber sheets are attached to the rack profile end-to-end along the longitudinal seam edge (FC) in accordance with the design spacing of the racks. In multiples of the pitch of the frame posts, the sheathing sheets are shifted (“spacing”) relative to each other and relative to the opposite side of the frame. End joints in single-layer sheathings are made on inserts. First, folds about 30 mm wide and about 2 mm deep are removed from the straight edges of the gypsum plasterboard using a universal selected plane. In multi-layer sheathing, inserts are not required. The spacing of transverse joints in adjacent sheets and between layers of sheathing must be at least 400 mm.
To attach gypsum fiber sheets to the frame, piercing or drilling self-tapping screws with a 10 mm countersink are used. The screw heads should be recessed into the gypsum plasterboard to a depth of about 1 mm. Bent or incorrectly screwed screws must be removed and replaced with new ones at a distance of about 50 mm from the old ones. The screw installation pitch is 250 mm for single-layer sheathing (screw L = 30 mm). In two-layer sheathings, this step is: for the first layer - 750 mm (screw L = 30 mm), for the second - 250 mm (screw L = 45 mm). In three-layer sheathings, the screw installation pitch is equal to: for the first layer - 750 mm (screw L = 30 mm), for the second layer - 500 mm, screw L = 45 mm), for the third layer - 250 mm (screw L = 55 mm). It is recommended to complete multi-layer cladding within one day.
In the design of the C361 partition, the end joints are made with a gap of 5-7 mm on an insert made of PN or PS metal profiles or wooden blocks, or an insert is made from a KNAUF supersheet strip about 100 mm wide.
In the designs of partitions C363/367 (with three-layer cladding), the pitch of the screws is: for the first layer - 750 mm, for the second - 500 mm, for the third - 250 mm.
In the design of the C367 partition, steel sheets 0.5 mm thick are installed between layers of “KNAUF supersheets” with an overlap of adjacent panels of at least 100 mm. Steel sheets are fixed in the design position with several self-tapping screws.
Puttying and surface finishing
Before puttying, the edges of the GVL are treated with Tiefengrund primer. GVL joints and screw recesses are puttied with Fugenfüller GV or Uniflot putty.
For finishing the surfaces of gypsum fiber sheets for high-quality painting, the easy-to-sand putty composition “Finish-Paste” is used.
Puttying of the joints of the sheets of the first and second layers, as well as the places where the screws of the first layer are installed, is carried out at a stable temperature and air humidity corresponding to the operating mode. The temperature in the room when carrying out puttying work should not be lower than 10 °C.
The joints of the outer cladding of the partition are reinforced with paper reinforcing tape (serpyanka), which is pressed into a previously applied layer of putty. After the first layer of putty has dried, a covering layer and, if necessary, a finishing layer are applied. In multilayer sheathing, reinforcement of the joints of sheathing sheets of the inner layers is not necessary.
The resulting external corners of the partitions of more than 90° are protected from mechanical damage using protective aluminum corner profile, which is embedded in a previously applied layer of putty.
The dividing tape is attached to adjacent structures before covering the partitions. After filling the gaps between the sheathing and the dividing tape, the excess tape is cut off.
The end joints of KNAUF supersheets are sealed without the use of reinforcing tape. After puttying the joints and places where screws are attached, the surface must be processed using a manual grinding device and remove dust. When preparing the sheathing surface for finishing, after removing excess separating tape, the putty surface is sanded as necessary. The priming of the surface of the skins is selected for a specific final coating and in accordance with the recommendations of their manufacturers.
Surface finishing. In order to normalize moisture adsorption, the surface of the cladding made of KNAUF supersheets should be treated with Tiefengrund primer.
In rooms with high humidity, where there is a possibility of direct water contact with the walls (bathrooms, showers), the junction of the partitions with the enclosing structures and with the base of the floor is sealed with a waterproofing tape of the "Flächendichtband" type, and the surface is treated with a waterproofing mastic of the "Flächendicht" type.
The surface of cladding made from KNAUF supersheets is suitable for any finishing: painting, wallpapering, ceramic tile cladding, decorative plastering.
It is recommended to paint with water-dispersion paints. Application of lime paints and paints on liquid glass is not allowed. Before high-quality painting, it is necessary to perform final puttying and sanding of the entire surface of the cladding.
When finishing the surfaces of partitions based on gypsum fiber board, wallpaper can be used various types. Before gluing the surface of gypsum fiber board, it is recommended to treat the seams between the sheets with Tiefengrund primer. Wallpapering begins after the primer has completely dried.
The surfaces of structures used in rooms with wet conditions are treated with a waterproofing compound of the "Flechendicht" type. The corners are additionally sealed with Flachendichtband sealing waterproofing tape. The holes for the pipes are made with an allowance of 1 cm and sealed with silicone sealant. The junctions between the walls and between the walls and the floor must be sealed with sealant.
Connecting partitions with communication routes
The construction of the partition frame is carried out only after the installation of all communications has been completed, with the exception of power, low-current electrical and pipe distributions passing through the body of the partitions. In this regard, openings for passing communications should not be indicated on architectural plans in the project.
When pairing partitions with utility routes, in all cases it is necessary to: install partitions in the cavity additional elements frame (framing holes); attach the gypsum board sheathing to the additional transverse elements of the frame; Seal the joint joint along the entire contour with sealant.
When connecting partitions with a fire resistance of 0.5 hours to pipelines with a diameter of more than 60 mm, it is necessary to provide insulation of the pipelines with a casing with a fire resistance of at least 0.5 hours in an area of at least 0.5 m from the plane of the partitions.
It is recommended to install the casing before installing the partitions. The design of the casing and the consumption of materials are determined in a specific project in accordance with the thermal insulation for pipelines adopted in the project. When crossing partitions with a pipeline with a diameter of less than 60 mm, installation of an additional frame and casing is not required.
At the junction of the partition with water supply, steam and water heating pipelines, it is necessary to install a sleeve made of fireproof materials, which ensures free movement of pipes when the coolant temperature changes. The edges of the sleeves should be flush with the surfaces of the partitions, and 30 mm above the surface of the finished floor. When passing pipelines in groups, a common casing is allowed. Seal of gaps and holes in places where pipelines are laid should be done non-flammable materials, ensuring the standardized fire resistance limits of partitions (SNiP 2.04.05.-91*). When installing partitions, they are not allowed to be adjacent to pipelines.
Power and low-current wiring in the cavity of partitions is carried out according to specific projects. The location of installation boxes, the choice of the type of pipes, wires, and cables are determined when developing a specific project.
In partitions, for quick and convenient installation, it is recommended to use internal electrical boxes, socket boxes, and junction boxes for hollow walls that have a certificate of conformity. Installing boxes in a partition opposite each other is prohibited. The minimum permissible displacement is 150 mm in clearance.
To preserve the soundproofing and fire-technical characteristics of the partitions, it is necessary to protect the back side of the box, intended for the installation of electrical equipment: the insulating layers must be left, and they are compressed to a total thickness of 30 cm; covered with gypsum mortar 20 mm thick) or covered with a box of strips of gypsum fiber sheets.
Fastening attachments and various objects to partition systems
During the operation of partitions, it becomes necessary to attach various attachments or interior items to them.
Light loads (weighing up to 35 kg) such as paintings, photographs, shelves are hung directly on gypsum fiber sheets using hooks or special dowels.
Fastening of elements weighing up to 35 kg per 1 linear. m along the length of the partition with the center of gravity removed at a distance of no more than 30 cm from the sheathing surface, can be done at any point of the partition using special anchor products, plastic or metal dowels. The possibility of using one or another fastening is determined by its bearing capacity and type of partition.
When securing an object at several points minimum distance between the fastening points in “cm” should not exceed the distance corresponding to the force in “kg” per one fastener. For example, when attaching an element weighing 6 kg at two points, the distance between the points should not exceed 3 cm.
Permissible loads on dowels
Elements weighing from 35 to 70 kg per 1 linear. m along the length of the partition with the center of gravity located at a distance of no more than 30 cm from the surface of the cladding, they can also be suspended in any part of the partition. In this case, it is necessary that the total thickness of the layers of gypsum fiber sheets be at least 20 mm. To determine the maximum load (elastic tension) on the dowel, the formula is used.
For securing loads weighing from 70 to 150 kg per 1 linear. m"KNAUF" offers complete systems partitions made of gypsum fiber sheets.
Fastening of stationary attachments (washbasins, wall-hung toilets, bidets, showers, electrical panels, wall-mounted fire cabinets, etc.), as well as elements weighing more than 70 kg, are carried out using special traverses or embedded products (from strip or PS profile) installed during the installation of partitions, attached to the vertical engineering racks of the frame.
Safety and quality control
Installation of partitions should be carried out in compliance with the requirements of SNiP 12-03-99 “Labor safety in construction. Part 1. General requirements"and SNiP III-4-80* "Safety in construction".
Persons at least 18 years of age who have undergone workplace training on safety precautions and industrial sanitation, who have been trained in work techniques at KNAUF training centers or in construction lyceums with special courses in “dry” finishing and who have the appropriate certificates and diplomas are allowed to install partitions.
Workers must be provided with special clothing and personal protective equipment.
The installation of partitions is carried out only if construction organizations have a special tool that ensures the mechanization of the process of assembling the metal frame of the partitions, a tool for attaching plasterboard to it, as well as a tool for sealing joints, applying a putty layer and other work.
The equipment, fixtures and fixtures for installation of structures used during the work must meet the safety conditions for performing the work. When installing partitions, inventory collapsible mobile scaffolds should be used. When the height of the working floor is 1.3 m or more, it is necessary to install protective fences with a height of at least 1.2 m.
The area where partitions are being installed must be marked with clearly visible warning signs “No entry, installation in progress.”
Workers with the first qualification group in safety precautions when operating electrical installations are allowed to work with power tools. Before handing over a power tool to a worker, it is necessary to check that the grounding wire is in good condition and that there is no short circuit to the housing.
The power tool must meet the following requirements: quickly turn on and off from the mains (but not spontaneously); to be safe to operate, all live parts must be well insulated.
Before starting to work with a power tool, the worker must receive instructions on safe methods of working with power tools; check the serviceability of personal protective equipment; inspect and test the instrument while moving.
When installing partitions made of plasterboard sheets, it is prohibited:
- work with power tools ladders;
- transfer the power tool to other persons;
- disassemble and repair power tools yourself;
- hold on to the power supply cable when working;
- leave a power tool connected to the electrical network unattended.
When working with a mounting piston gun, it is mandatory to comply with the requirements of the “Safety Instructions for the operator working with a mounting piston gun PC-52-1 on construction Glavmosstroy facilities.
Quality control during acceptance of installed partitions of the KNAUF system
When accepting the assembled partition structures, it is necessary to draw up acts for hidden work: installation of the frame, laying of power and low-current wiring, laying of the insulating layer, sealing of gypsum board joints, etc.
It is mandatory to check the absence of cracks, tears in the cardboard, broken corners, and stability of the corners. The screw heads should be recessed into the sheets to a depth of about 1 mm. The differences between adjacent sheets should not exceed 0.5 mm, and the gap between adjacent sheets should not exceed 1 mm. The surface of the mounted gypsum plasterboard partition must be flat, smooth, free from dirt and oil stains.
The installation and fastening of overhead protective elements at all external corners and open ends are checked. The sealing of all junctions between partitions and building structures is checked: the putty must be laid without breaks along the entire interface contour to the full depth of the joint.
Finished finishing coatings made from plasterboard sheets must comply technical requirements SNiP 3.04.01-87.
The surface of the gypsum plasterboard should have deviations and irregularities that do not exceed those for high-quality plaster:
- deviations vertically or horizontally should not exceed 1 mm per 1 m;
- uneven surfaces of a smooth outline per 4 m2 - no more than two, with a depth (height) of up to 2 mm;
- deviations of window and door slopes, pilasters, etc. - no more than 3 mm for the entire height of the room;
- the deviation of the radius of curved surfaces checked with a pattern from the design value (for the entire element) should not exceed 5 mm.
GCR coatings should not be unsteady; when lightly tapped with a wooden hammer, cracks should not appear in the putty joints between the gypsum boards; Allowable sag in joints should not exceed 1 mm.
The sealed joints between gypsum boards should not be noticeable, and adjacent sheets should be in a single plane; there should be no cavities, kinks, cracks, or sagging of putty solution on the surface.
Control for all types of requirements - measuring, at least five measurements per 50-70 m² of coating surface or on the area of individual areas identified by continuous visual inspection. Based on the inspection results, an acceptance certificate is drawn up.
Acceptance inspection of partitions must be carried out in accordance with the requirements of SNiP 3.04.01-87. At the same time, the following is checked: the correct assembly of the partition (compliance with the project); reliability of fastening of the casing to the frame; pairing the partition with construction structures (putty must be laid without gaps along the entire contour of the junctions to the full depth of the joints); no instability of partitions; absence of cracks, damage and sagging of putty solution on the surface of the cladding.
Control for all groups of requirements is measuring, at least five measurements per 50-70 m² of coating surface or on the area of individual areas identified by continuous visual inspection. Based on the inspection results, an acceptance certificate is drawn up.
Installed partition structures should be accepted step by step or section by section with the execution of appropriate acts for hidden work (installation of the frame, laying of power and low-current wiring, laying of a soundproofing layer, sealing of sheet joints, etc.).
