Someone chooses a country house as a way to relax from the hustle and bustle, retire to nature, and forget the noisy metropolis. Others want to buy a house for permanent residence: clean air, tranquility and the opportunity to always go out into nature, which is much more convenient than living in an apartment.

Houses for seasonal or everyday use are most often distinguished by the material from which the building is constructed, the heating system and the characteristics of communications. Correctly selected material guarantees almost three-quarters heat savings in the house. This is quite important if you live permanently in the countryside. Home for seasonal residence usually heated by electric batteries or protozoa heating boilers.


If you are going buy land in the Moscow region inexpensively and get country house, then you should decide: why are you building it. Carefully consider the organization of heating, equipment for toilets and bathrooms. You will have to choose materials for construction, finishing and decide which is best to give preference from the many options. This is often difficult for ordinary person. But at a reasonable price or even free of charge, a contractor can handle this.


Structural features of houses: foundation, walls and roof

When you decide on the location of the house, think about what you want to buy (or build). More recently, many houses in the Moscow region were made of logs. Occasionally brick ones stood out. There were also “backfill” walls: the walls consisted of external and internal panels, and slag was poured between them for thermal insulation. Most of the listed houses are still preserved, but surrounded by modern buildings.

Stone houses are quite common now. These include various brick, foam concrete, aerated concrete, simply concrete (with removable and non-removable formwork); wooden log houses made of logs, houses with rounded logs; houses made of ordinary sawn timber. They also use profiled or “tongue-and-groove” timber, laminated veneer lumber; sometimes there is also insulated timber - narrow, highly elongated wooden sandwich panels. Technology similar to sandwich panels is also used in the construction of frame wooden houses.

Someone praises the timber house, which is lined with brick. Another likes aerated concrete. Carpenters building a log house for their neighbors spit at the mention of rounded logs. A house for permanent residence is built using any of the listed types of materials. But it is more important to build it with the help of reliable, qualified builders and in compliance with all modern technologies. Then it will be good protection for residents from frost, blizzards or rain, and will not ruin the owners with the cost of ownership and heating costs.

At good care the building will last longer, so it will be useful for the grandchildren. It is technically possible to build a house that retains heat in winter from weekend to weekend. This is a building that meets Passive House standards, a well-insulated building, with strip foundation, which is laid significantly below the freezing depth of the soil in winter or with a basement.

Many townspeople frame house they do not recognize it as a home and are instinctively disposed towards stone. Stone houses (even from relatively inexpensive foam blocks) are not best solution for seasonal stays. Build a stone house always more expensive than a wooden one of the same size. After all, you will need, for example, a more expensive and reliable foundation.

Wooden and frame houses usually supported by a bored pile or columnar foundation, a screw pile foundation or a shallow strip foundation. All of them are suitable for soils in the Moscow region. Many specialists - builders and realtors consider any type of housing to be the best for seasonal living. wooden house. It differs from a permanent home in the thickness of the walls, thermal insulation, and sometimes an unheated bathroom.

The roof - one of the most important in houses - is often attempted to be “completed according to the residual principle”. But there are principles for determining it optimal type with a regular pitched roof. The roof of a house with seasonal residence is often left in winter without constant supervision or regular snow removal. No one will notice in time a leak or damage to the water drainage system by ice build-up.

It is best to heat a house for permanent residence using a gas boiler. This will save a lot of money on maintaining a comfortable temperature in your home. However, you need to know how connect gas to a private house according to all the rules and what documents will be needed for this.

House with permanent residence often connected to centralized water supply. A seasonal home needs a well or borehole. The water supply system in winter when there is frost is at risk of “defrosting of the pipes.” Especially in a small area of ​​exit from the ground - the entrance to a heated room. They do it there often cable heating, which does not allow the pipes to defrost in this place. In temporary residences, water from water supply pipes is usually drained during the winter.

If the “summer” water supply pipes are buried shallowly in the ground, the installation must be carried out especially carefully. It is important that when draining water from the pipes, it leaves completely and does not remain in the bends. Polypropylene pipes are popular for installing water pipes. They have greater elasticity than metal and metal-plastic ones. Because of this, there is less risk of destruction from water freezing in them, if this suddenly happens.

It makes sense to make a “summer” water supply from polypropylene pipes connected by compression fittings. This will make it easy to replace faulty parts of the system or change its configuration. And it is better to connect “all-season” water supply pipes buried in the ground by welding.

Sewerage in individual houses Waste processing devices using special bacteria have only become fairly available since the mid-90s. There are two types of septic tanks: with soil filtration or deep biological filtration. The latter are much more effective with a uniform flow of wastewater (but are less suitable for seasonal use). Septic tanks - " cesspools XXI century" - sealed containers for draining wastewater from the house by gravity. When placing a septic tank on the site, provide for the possibility of access to it by a special vehicle for pumping out the contents.

Concluding our short review, it can be argued that two “almost identical” houses, differing in terms of permanent residence, may be completely different in technical and consumer characteristics.

There are many such “little things”, which opens up the possibility of discussing other interesting topics in the future.

Garden houses made of timber are much cheaper if you take into account in advance that the buildings are seasonal. Understanding the differences will help you avoid a number of mistakes and unnecessary costs.

Differences between seasonal houses and buildings for permanent residence

The main difference between the two types of buildings is their range of functions. A country house is used only occasionally, so the requirements for it are much less than for permanent housing. Its layout is simplified, since there is no need to think through the placement of storage facilities, a boiler room, or a vestibule. The main rooms are the kitchen, bedrooms, living room, bathroom. The living room and kitchen are often connected to save space.

Important extensions country house are the veranda, summer cuisine, open terrace, gazebo. During construction, the emphasis is on them, since residents will spend the most time outside the house in the summer. If the house will be used in winter and summer, the issue will be approached more thoroughly. A seasonal building needs a living room, since it is during vacations or holidays that the whole family gets together.

It is preferable not to build a garage. You can equip a parking space on the east or north side of the house facade or build a canopy.

Peculiarities

Subtleties of building a country house:

  • For the construction of garden houses, timber up to 140 mm thick is used.
  • The attic and attic are covered with a sun-repellent coating, since in the summer months the extensions will overheat.
  • The floor is not insulated.

To avoid overheating of the structure in summer time I have been using a set of methods for years. The buildings are surrounded by trees with voluminous foliage, awnings and sun awnings are used, window openings made smaller than standard size.

The issue of the need for communications is separately considered. It is more practical not to build a gas pipeline, but to use electrical equipment or gas in cylinders for cooking. Fireplaces or stoves are used for heating. It is advisable not to resort to centralized water supply, as in winter this can lead to problems with pipes defrosting. It is best to equip a well or borehole on the site. Septic tanks are suitable for sewerage installations - containers for draining water with biological or soil filtration.

In financial terms, the construction of a seasonal building will be 20-50% cheaper than the construction of a full-fledged house.

Materials

The benefits of housing made from natural materials have long been appreciated in Asian countries, Europe, and the USA. Wooden houses for seasonal use are built from coniferous wood, as it has a beneficial effect on the health of residents. Timber is used as the main material natural humidity. He's being processed special solutions and antiseptics to protect against insects and moisture.

Advantages of the material:

  • The ability to lay an inexpensive strip foundation or a rock-crushed stone mixture due to the lightness of the structure.
  • There are no additional costs for cladding, as it looks decent even without it.
  • Environmentally friendly and harmless.
  • Improving the microclimate of the room due to the ability to pass air. On hot days the house will be cool, on frosty days it will be warm.
  • Reasonable price for construction.

Construction garden house made from timber will save not only money, but also your time.

Summer house made of mini-timber with insulation - you can live with early spring until late autumn.

When the need arises for arrangement country house For seasonal living, frame or modular-frame houses and cabins are in greatest demand. These are prefabricated, low-cost structures that, if desired, can be used year-round with insulation. Another type of relatively inexpensive seasonal houses is, which has already been described in one of the materials. Like cabins, they can be insulated if desired and used if not all year round, then from early spring to late autumn. This is what one of the craftsmen of our portal did, who decided to acquire a functional and comfortable house even for a seasonal stay.

  • Introductory.
  • Project and contractor.
  • Assembly, painting, insulation.
  • Finishing.

Summer house made of mini timber from SergeChe

SergeChe User FORUMHOUSE

Yes, years ago, under the idea that “soon the grandchildren will go and splash their bare heels on the grass,” I promised to bring it back to normal condition garden plot. There was water (a well), electricity, several sheds, a twenty-year-old house (log house 4x6.5 m with an attic), and a peat toilet. I started concluding contracts for the summer house and septic tank in January.

Introductory

The following requirements were imposed on the house:

  • For comfortable seasonal accommodation of four adults or a family with a child.
  • With amenities (shower, toilet).
  • For living from spring to autumn, so that you don’t have to freeze at zero.
  • Elongated in shape, due to the characteristics of the site, the maximum permissible width is 4.5-5 m.
  • With a veranda terrace that can accommodate a table for 8-9 people.
  • Construction using hired labor due to work schedule.
  • Quick assembly of the box under the roof, so that finishing work can be easily spread out over time.

If possible self-made the choice would have fallen on frame technology, but due to lack of availability, the craftsman settled on houses made of mini-timber, but with additional external insulation mineral wool with ventilation gap.

Mini-timber is a name invented by marketers to attract clientele, but in essence it is a tongue-and-groove board with a locking joint, only with a chamfer removed, like a profiled beam.

The assembly method is identical; the structure is held together by cutting. The most common size of mini-timber/rabbet is 45 mm, less often 60 or 66 mm; the thicker, the more reliable, but also more expensive, and manufacturers of house kits are more willing to work with 45 mm boards.

The craftsman was attracted to the technology by a number of advantages:

  • Assembly speed: a day for the foundation, another couple of days for the box and plank roof with insulation.
  • Wall material - unlike various slabs and linings, everything you need can be fixed to the walls.
  • High ceilings - a typical house design has a central ceiling height of about three meters.
  • Finished interior– you don’t have to line the walls.

But there are also problems:

  • Finishing the roof - in the standard version, heat enters through the roof in the summer, heat leaves in the spring/autumn.
  • Possible drying out, inaccurate connections - if the board is not dried enough in production and the elements are cut poorly, there will be shrinkage, cracks, blowing/wicking.

Additional insulation both solves problems with the roof and eliminates possible flaws of manufacturers, since the walls will be covered with insulation and a facade screen.

SergeChe

That is, the technology (mini-timber with external insulation) has a right to life, but for relatively small houses, where mini-timber walls can normally withstand the additional weight of external insulation and facade finishing, where there are no long walls without additional cuts, where purlins rafter system not too long. Conventionally, it is suitable for a one-story house with rooms no larger than 15-20 m². For larger sizes it is better to look for another material.

Project and contractor

The choice of a suitable project was limited by the elongated shape of the house; the bulk of standard designs are intended for square and rectangular shapes. The found contractor offered good conditions, good equipment and the “Balzamin” project taken as a basis, which they willingly modified to the required functionality - they added a bathroom, a vestibule and expanded the terrace by a meter.

In order to save on additional services, such as antiseptic, painting and insulation, which are too expensive in the company, the craftsman decided to perform these operations independently or with the help of mercenaries at normal prices. I chose 60×135 mm laminated timber as the wall material, as it was more stable, but as a result I had to build from 45×135 mm timber. The contractor missed the delivery deadlines, the required timber was not available at all, we had to agree to a replacement with a recalculation so that the matter could finally get underway.

Assembly, painting, insulation

The lightweight structure made it possible to save on monolithic foundations; 15 piles with a diameter of 108 mm and a length of 2.5 m were used.

The house, the construction of which had been delayed all summer, was assembled by a team of four people in two days. In addition, as a bonus for wasted nerves, they treated the harness with an antiseptic, installed insulation and filled the subfloor. We had to pay extra for applying antiseptic to the roof and fixing the insulation. On the third day, the house took on a quite presentable appearance.

The next stage was the search for contractors to apply protective impregnation to the walls and counter-lattice under the insulation; two workers did an excellent job.

For insulation and painting of walls SergeChe brought in another team.

  • The rough layer is a cut inch treated with an antiseptic.
  • Galvanized – 6x6 m mesh over the entire area.
  • Insulation.
  • Insulation - stone wool, 50 mm slabs in two layers with overlap, only under the living part.
  • Insulation.
  • Finish coating – batten, treated with an antiseptic on the bottom side.

Ceiling

  • Hemming – imitation timber, 20 mm.
  • Insulation.
  • Rafters – board 100×40 mm.
  • Insulation – stone wool, 50 mm slabs with offset layers.
  • Insulation.
  • Counter-lattice – 50 mm timber.
  • Base under flexible tiles– OSB coating.
  • Roof covering – flexible tiles.

Walls

  • Mini timber coated with impregnation.
  • The sheathing is horizontal, 50 mm timber, coated with antiseptic.
  • Insulation – stone wool, slabs of 50 mm between beams.
  • Insulation.
  • Counter grille – vertical, 50 mm timber, coated with antiseptic.
  • The façade cladding is 18 mm imitation timber, coated with antiseptic on the inside and painted on the outside.
  • Decor elements.

The desire to have an open terrace was transformed into the desire to have a glazed veranda, which was realized through the installation of metal-plastic sliding windows and doors. This was followed by painting work, installation of finishing strips and platbands, and the construction season ended.

Finishing

During the off-season and the next season, facade work was completed - finishing the base with panels, installing soffits, installing gutters and shutters. Inside, the floors, doors and trim were finished, cornices were installed, electrical wiring was installed, lighting fixtures were installed, water and sewerage were installed, and a bathroom was equipped. Furniture was purchased gradually and as it was completed finishing works took their places.

In which you cannot live all year round.

Layout of an 8x7 house with a terrace for seasonal living

Usually in such a house the following is stored:

  • Garden tools;
  • Old clothes;
  • Various auxiliary things.

To obtain good layout house for seasonal residence, it is necessary to develop its plan in all details. According to the plan made, it is determined:

  • Number of rooms in the house;
  • Dimensions of premises;
  • Necessary furniture;
  • Basic equipment.

When planning a house for seasonal residence, first of all, the maximum permissible dimensions of the house are calculated, taking into account all family members.

Project and layout of a 6x6 country house with an attic

Main aspects of house layout

Since they are mainly in a seasonal house in the summer, the application of the principles that are adhered to is not always appropriate. In the city house, according to the plan, they try to make the communication rooms branch out as much as possible. When carried out, they strive to reduce them as much as possible. For this purpose, drawings are developed where different functional areas are combined, they become a single room for seasonal construction.

For example, the veranda and the hallway are combined, the living room is connected to the common room.

From practice it became known that most people visit open spaces in summer houses.

Layout of the attic of a house for seasonal living

Most often, owners of well-appointed dachas receive guests in such premises or relax in rocking chairs.

Open areas

Original project of a house with an attic for seasonal living

This will allow you to arrange several more rooms right under the roof. Based on, they make it open. Its lower step is mounted directly on the veranda. The remaining free area under the stairs is suitable for a variety of purposes:

  • Storage of household tools;
  • Utility cabinet installations.

Many owners set up a bedroom in the attic. Beds are installed along the walls, since the height from floor to ceiling in such places exceeds 1.7 meters.

There is free space between the vertical wall and the roof. It can be occupied by a small pantry by installing light partitions. Sometimes cabinets are built here in which to store:

  • Clothes;
  • Bedding sets;
  • Household accessories.

Bathrooms

If on summer cottage the most important communications have been carried out: water supply, sewerage, drainage - then when developing the layout of a summer house, the drawings provide for. Since living in the house will be seasonal, that is, not permanent, the area of ​​sanitary facilities should not be very large. It is completely impractical to install in a house. It will require a lot of free space, so it will be much better to install an ordinary shower.

A similar approach is required for the arrangement of the toilet. Made specially for him autonomous sewerage.

For the construction of a house that is intended for temporary residence, for example, a country house, the best material a rounded log is considered. However, it is necessary not to forget about the installation of heating.

An example of the location of a bathroom on the plan of a house with a large terrace

The most the best option Such heating planning is considered to be supplied by natural gas. Unfortunately, this is not possible everywhere. Therefore, you can use alternative options. A Russian stove will warm the house well, and a simple potbelly stove will keep the room warm.