How did the ancient people make nails? The first nails were invented in primitive times, they were made of hardwood, fastening together the wooden parts of a dwelling or other buildings. They made nails from other natural materials using fish bones or sharp plant thorns for this. There is a nail museum in the Borovichi district, where you can see nails of different times, ranging from wooden ones, of different sizes and brands.
By the way, wooden nails have never lost their relevance. At the beginning of the 20th century, village shoemakers skillfully drove miniature birch carnations into the soles of their boots. The birch studs swelled with water and held the soles firmly.
The answer to the question of when and from what metal nails were made in the old days suggests itself. The first metal nails began to be made in the Bronze Age, casting or forging them from copper and bronze, and later, in the Iron Age, from more durable material- iron.
vintage nail
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Nails are one of the most popular and oldest metal products in its history.
The first nails were essentially forged products, on this moment due to the invention of wire, and its huge distribution this technology happily forgotten. A better and much easier way to produce nails was found than ordinary forging (and there were not enough blacksmiths).
The appearance of wire not only simplified and reduced the cost of the method of producing nails, but also made it possible to significantly expand the range of products.
Following the wire, special nail machines appeared, the task of which was to make nails from wire.
These nailers create nails according to the principle of cold forging.
Considering modern process creating nails, it is worth noting that not any metal is suitable for the production of nails (soft metal is not suitable, since when a nail is driven in with a hammer, it simply ...
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Tools for construction, repair and finishing works>> Technology for the production of nails, requirements for the wire used
Nail production
Page navigation: Wire specification Impact machine Rotary type machine Waste from nail production Scrap from nail production
Information for the material on the production of nails is taken from the book by S. I. Dashevsky "Production of nails" of the 1960 edition. The book is old, so perhaps modern nails are done a little differently, but the basic technology has probably remained unchanged, since appearance and the purpose of the nail has not changed over the past 50 years.
In the mass production of nails, the following technological scheme has been adopted: filling unwinding devices - threading the wire into the machine - straightening the wire - feeding the wire to the size of the nail - clamping the wire with dies - biting off the wire with cutting knives - dropping the nails with a rebound - landing ...
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Nails. Their types and applications
Ordinary nails are made from thermally untreated steel and even from steel wire (soft). They are marked with two numbers: the first indicates the diameter of the rod, the second - the length in millimeters. They have a flat, smooth or corrugated hat. Wire nails with a countersunk head are used when you need to hide the hat. By hammering a nail with a countersink, you can prepare the surface of the board for further puttying.
Corrugated, screw, club nails and ruffs for hanging pictures have a rod with longitudinal, transverse, helical grooves, dents or burrs. They are more resistant to pulling.
Nails made of heat treated steel (hardened) can be driven into walls made of bricks and even lightweight concrete. But these nails are fragile, which must be taken into account when working with them.
Plaster, roofing, wallpaper nails are used to fasten low-strength materials to a rigid base. They have a shorter...
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Home > History of things
History of the nail
Remember what a mess started in the house when one of the characters in Jerome K. Jerome's story "Three Men in a Boat (not counting the dog)" - Uncle Podger undertook to do something around the house? One day he decided to hang a picture. What did you start with? With nails ... "He sends the maid to buy nails for sixpence, and after her one of the boys, to tell her what size the nails should be."
It is probably not an exaggeration to say that one of the most popular household products is the most common nail. Yes, and in any house there will certainly be nails. How else? After all, without them, you can neither make repairs, nor hang a picture on the wall, and often they help to fix shoes. home master. But a nail is needed not only in everyday life. Without large nails - crutches, a railway cannot be laid; neither furniture, nor shoe, nor other factories can do without a nail. It is needed both in construction and in shipbuilding - in a word, not ...
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The first nails were made from natural materials such as fish bones and plant thorns, or hewn from hardwoods.
The appearance of the first metal nails dates back to the Bronze Age, when they were cast or forged. Subsequently, the material for the production of nails began to serve as a wire - iron or copper. So, the Bible tells about the purchase of iron for nails by King David. Bronze nails were found during excavations of the buildings of Ancient Egypt and other ancient cultures. Historical sources report the use of nails in the Roman Empire to nail criminals to wooden crosses. In Russia, references to master nailers have been known since the 13th century.
Initially, the production of nails was manual and expensive. Nails became an affordable commodity only at the beginning of the 19th century with the advent of machines for making hammered nails and wire nails (the first machine, put into mass production in the early 1800s, was patented in 1790). By the end of XIX...
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Nail production technology
A bit of history:
The first nails were forged. It is known that in ancient times the Greeks and Romans used rather long nails forged from a copper alloy to build ships. These nails were tetrahedral in cross section and conical from the head to the sharp end.
With the development of iron processing, nails by hot forging naturally began to be made from iron that was less expensive than copper. Blacksmiths forged them both for construction and for attaching horseshoes to horses' hooves.
Nails for fastening horseshoes are called ukhnals. Until now, they are mainly made by hot forging, as they have a rather complex shape. In cross section, they are rectangular with a rather high head (5-8 mm). The head also has a rectangular cross-sectional shape (Fig. 1)
Picture 1
Ukhnali (Nails for attaching horseshoes to horses' hooves)
Inefficient technology...
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It would seem that it is simpler than an ordinary nail? Meanwhile, this is a product that can be produced in the right quantity with the right quality, only using high-tech equipment and proven raw materials. Of course, we are talking about the product, and not about the "layout".
The starting material for nails is wire. Each type of product uses its own wire size, its own material. The most common steel upholstery nails are made from non-thermally treated steel, grades St 3 KP, St3 PS, St 1 KP, St 2 KP. In general, the wire can be copper and even aluminum. Wire for the production of nails is supplied in coils that are convenient for unwinding (Fig. 1).
Fig.1. Unwinding wire from coils.
Modern nail making equipment is a compact automatic line. It looks like one “machine”, but in fact it is several pieces of equipment compactly integrated into a common body (Fig. 2).
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A nail is the simplest fastening tool known since antiquity. In everyday life, a nail has been around for about five thousand years.
The nail is used everywhere and for various purposes. Without a nail, make no repairs, no hang a picture on the wall, and often they help the home master to fix the shoes. But a nail is needed not only in everyday life. Without large nails - crutches, a railway cannot be laid; neither furniture, nor shoe, nor other factories can do without a nail. It is needed both in construction and in shipbuilding.
Nails appeared even in primitive man. As a nail, he used the bones of fish and animals, plant thorns, pointed roots and tree chips. They fastened parts of buildings, boats, nailed skins that served as protection from wind and snow.
Excavations in one of the oldest centers of civilization - Ancient Mesopotamia, located between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers in Western Asia, discovered pointed clay rods, shaped very similar to acorns. It...
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Main page > Articles > Tools > Nails. Types of nails
Nails have all sorts of hats: grooved, smooth, with a screw. There are dozens of types of nails. In this article we will try to figure out where it is worth driving in a nail, and where rust will simply eat it.
Often fasteners on nails are considered one of the most simple ways fasteners, although it is not always reliable and durable if the nail is not properly handled.
Construction professionals use different types nails of different sizes and with different hats. Boards need stainless nails, logs need galvanized nails, concrete needs brass or copper nails, drywall needs plastic nails, and you should not make a mistake when choosing nails with a wide, narrow head or no head at all.
construction nail
The construction nail is one of the widely used types of nails (p.s. as well as fasteners). It is a hat and a rod with elements...
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You will need
Forge; - anvil; - blacksmith hammer-handbrake; - tongs; - vice; - cutting (chisel); - nail shop; - round bar.
Instruction
Take a round rod about a meter long and 10-12 mm in diameter. Heat one end of it in a forge. At a distance of about 50 mm from the beginning of the rod, make a pinch in one plane. Rotate the rod 90 degrees along the longitudinal axis and perform the same pinching in the other plane. As a result, the section of the workpiece in the squeezed place will turn out to be square, approximately 10x10 mm in size.
Pull the rod from the squeezed place to a square pyramid 100 mm long with a pointed top. To do this, place the workpiece on the horn of the anvil and apply several quick and strong blows, turning the rod 90 degrees. While the part is warm, trim the edges already on the flat surface of the anvil.
On the edges of the pyramid, beat off a few notches with a chisel at an angle of 45 degrees. On this cut...
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One of the main products made from low-carbon steel wire GOST 3282-74 are nails, so the wire received another name - nail wire. Uncoated round steel wire is used for the manufacture of nails.
Rigid wire for nails
In production, wire with a diameter of 1.2 to 6.0 mm is used, which is supplied in coils weighing 180-200 kg or in coils weighing 800-1000 kg.
Nailing surface wire GOST 3282-74 should not have scale, cracks or folds. Minor dents or scratches may be allowed within tolerance. Wire intended for the production of construction nails is not heat treated, which allows it to remain strong, but at the same time it must withstand at least four kinks without breaking.
General purpose low-carbon steel wire
Specifications:
|
Nominal wire diameter |
Limit deviation for wire diameter |
|
|
Increased accuracy |
normal precision |
|
|
0,80 |
||
|
3,50 |
||
nail wire
Currently, inexpensive nails are stamped on special nailing machines. Skein or bay wire GOST 3282-74 is installed on an unwinding device, from which it enters the working area with the help of a feeder, where the nail is formed. Depending on the purpose, nails are made with different size hats and are divided into:
— construction nails GOST 4028-63;
- roofing nails GOST 4029-63 with an increased head size;
- slate nails (the hat is made of galvanized steel);
- molding nails (small head and long nail shaft).
For outdoor construction or finishing work, it is necessary to use galvanized nails in order to avoid the appearance of rust on the cap and around the nail.
High-quality galvanized nails (nail wire can be purchased from our company) are made from uncoated nail wire and then galvanized. It is impossible to use galvanized wire for production, since the integrity of the zinc coating is violated at the time of the formation of the cap and cutting.
Nails are not only one of the oldest, but also the most common fastener. Any construction, repair, any activity related to the assembly of any product is not complete without nails. Therefore, it is not at all surprising that the demand for these fasteners does not decrease over time, which means that the production of nails can bring considerable benefits.
To start this business, it is enough to have equipment such as a nail making machine. Moreover, the production of fasteners can be set up in any volume - from industrial scale to the manufacture of nails purely for their own needs, which will not interfere, for example, with furniture makers or builders who get an excellent opportunity to save on the purchase of fasteners.
What material are the nails made from?
At the same time, the cost finished products, that is, the nails themselves, will depend solely on the cost of the materials purchased for their manufacture - wire, which is made of low-carbon steel and is sold in reels of various weights. Also, the size of the produced nails will also depend on this wire. A conventional nail machine is capable of producing nails with a diameter of up to 1 to 6 mm.
Features of the machine for the manufacture of nails.
most main feature which the machine for making nails has is that it works in a fully automatic mode. The only operation that in this case has to be performed manually is the change of the wire spool. By the way, the fact that the wire is sold in reels greatly facilitates the whole process, since the reels fixed on a special machine holder are simply unwound, which ensures a long continuous production process.
All nail making machines can be divided into 4 categories:
- machines capable of producing nails with a diameter of up to 2.1 mm and a length of up to 60 mm;
- machines producing nails with a diameter of up to 4 mm and a length of up to 120 mm;
- machines that produce nails with a diameter of up to 6 mm and a length of up to 200 mm;
- machines that produce nails with a diameter of up to 9 mm and a length of up to 320 mm.
Regardless of the category of the machine, all of them can be called universal, as they are able to produce nails. various types depending on the settings entered at the beginning of the production process, for example, tare, construction, finish or roofing nails, flat or conical nails.
Among the others specifications that this equipment possesses, the most important are:
- machine weight - depending on design features the machine can weigh from 800 kg to 2 tons;
- machine power - is selected based on the planned amount of output and can vary from 3 to 20 kW;
- machine productivity - depending on the category of equipment, the machine can produce from 100 to 600 pieces of nails per minute of work.
Another feature of this equipment, based on its automatic mode of operation, is that the craftsmen who work on it do not need to be highly qualified or undergo any additional training. In addition, the production of nails does not require a large number workers. For example, if the production room is equipped with one such machine, two people are enough to complete all stages of work quickly and conveniently.
The principle of operation of the machine for the manufacture of nails.
The process of making nails using a machine is quite simple and consists of several stages.
- A special device on the machine, equipped with a cutting knife, receives a wire of the diameter that the product should have, unwound from a reel fixed to the holder.
- In the device, the supplied wire is cut into pieces, depending on the required length of nails set in the settings.
- After that, the resulting piece of wire falls into another device - a punch equipped with drummers, with the help of which a hat is formed on one side of the wire, and a pointed end on the other side.
- The finished nail is dropped into a special receiving container using a slider.
The nail manufacturing process is not interrupted as long as there is wire on the reel, as a result, up to 3 tons of products can be manufactured in one work shift, depending on the category of equipment.
As you can see, the manufacture of nails of various types is a fairly simple process that requires investments only in the purchase of a machine and wire, as well as in the rental of premises. According to technological standards, to install two such machines (and this will be enough to start a fairly large-scale production), a room of 50 square meters is enough. In addition, additional premises will be required for storing finished products and wire in reels - that is, starting such a business does not require very significant funds.
If we are talking about not too volumetric production, then one machine will be enough, which can be installed, for example, in a garage. Moreover, for these purposes it is quite possible to buy used equipment, spending even less money.
Articles - How nails are made (manufacturing and manufacturing). What steel are nails made of?
Nails are one of the most popular and oldest metal products in its history.
The first nails were essentially forged products, at the moment, due to the invention of wire, and its huge distribution, this technology has been safely forgotten. A better and much easier way to produce nails was found than ordinary forging (and there were not enough blacksmiths).
The appearance of wire not only simplified and reduced the cost of the method of producing nails, but also made it possible to significantly expand the range of products.
Following the wire, special nail machines appeared, the task of which was to make nails from wire.
Data Nailing machines create nails according to the principle of cold forging.
Considering the modern process of creating nails, it is worth noting that not any metal is suitable for the production of nails (soft metal is not suitable, because when a nail is driven in with a hammer, it will simply bend). As a rule, low-carbon steel wire is used for this purpose. general purpose(GOST 3282-74), while this wire should not be thermally treated.
To create such a wire, four steel grades are used: St 1 KP, St 2 KP, St3 PS, St 3 KP.
For working with wire coil nail machine it is necessary to wind the wire from the coil; for this purpose, a special device is used, which is shown in the figure.
After the wire from the coil, having passed through the straightening device, entered the feed mechanism of the machine, the direct creation of the nail begins.
The speed of the feed mechanism determines the length of the nail.
The wire moves and enters the area of the "cutters", where it is "bitten off", after which the wire cutters diverge, and a special impact device hits the end of the wire, thereby forming a hat future nail.
After the formation of the cap and the departure of the percussion device, the process is repeated. So, one by one, nails are stamped.
Formation of the sharp end of the nail(opposite from the cap) occurs at the biting stage. The cutters of the machine are made in such a way as to not only detach part of the wire, but also form a point. According to GOST, the taper angle of the tip should be no more than 40 degrees.
Nailing machines from different manufacturers may differ from each other, but the process of creating a nail with their help remains the same, simple and understandable.
Own production of building nails and mesh.
Read also:
Types of screws and their scope
Basic properties of tool steels
Strip, description, scope and production
If earlier nails were made by forging, now they are made from steel wire on special machines. Production is quite simple and does not require significant material and labor costs.
Activity registration
First you need to register with the tax office, a form is suitable for this type of activity Individual entrepreneur, as a form of taxation, you can choose UTII.
Room selection
For the organization of production, any room is suitable, the main thing is that it has heat and electricity (380 watts). The rent of the premises will be approximately 20,000 rubles. per month.
Equipment selection
The Internet presents a wide selection of equipment for the production of nails, the price from 500 thousand rubles and higher.
Nail production technology
But if we consider used equipment, then we can meet 300-500 thousand rubles.
After analyzing the proposals for the implementation of machines, as well as having studied the information on specialized forums, it turned out that the most multifunctional machine is the nailing machine AG4116 (Productivity 125 kg. / Hour).
The price of a new machine is 700,000 rubles, a used machine can be purchased for 450 000 rubles.
Cost price
Raw material.
The raw material for the production of nails is wire. Each type of product uses its own wire size, its own material. The price of raw materials for the production of the most popular building nails (120 mm) is 32,000 rubles per ton.
Electricity.
The engine power of the machine is 5.5 kW / hour, the price for 1 kW is 3.35 rubles.
It takes 8 hours of work (125 kg/hour) to produce a ton of products. Electricity consumption for the production of 1 ton will be: 5.5 * 3.35 * 8 = 147.4 rubles.
Tara
Finished products are packed in wooden boxes. (50 kg).
The cost of 1 box is 400 rubles,
The cost of packing 1 ton of nails will be 8,000 rubles.
Staff
When buying an automatic machine AG4116, 1 person can handle the production (s/n piecework 750 rubles for the manufacture of one ton of nails).
Product prices:
Product prices depend on the purpose and standard size of nails, so the price of the most popular brand M120 is 50,000 rubles per ton.
Calculation of income and payback for the production of nails
Based on the planned production volumes of 20 tons per month, the planned revenue will be 1,000,000 rubles per month
The cost of production will be 817,940 rubles (the cost of 1 ton is 40,897 rubles * 20 tons)
Gross profit: 182,060 rubles
Administrative expenses (rent, fuel, communications) + taxes: 50,000 rubles. months
Net profit: 132,060 rubles per month.
Net margin: 13%
Payback:
- When purchasing a new machine = 132,060 rubles / 700,000 rubles. Payback 5.3 months
- When purchasing a used machine = 132,060/450,000 rubles. Payback 3.4 months
Viktor Stepanov, 2012-03-01
Questions and answers on the topic
No questions have been asked for the material yet, you have the opportunity to be the first to do so
The key to the success of any business is a stable demand for the products sold or services provided. A novice entrepreneur should pay attention to those goods that are relatively easy to produce and sell. It is desirable that the sale is carried out in bulk. One of these areas is the production of nails as a business - the demand for them is stable at any time of the year, and purchases in most cases are carried out in significant volumes.
How nails are made
A business plan for the production of nails must be developed only after becoming familiar with the technological process for the production of these fasteners.
I must say that it is not very difficult: the steel wire, previously cleaned and prepared, is cut into equal parts. As a result of this, the trimming edges are sharpened. One of them remains in this form, and a blow is applied to the second, which flattens the wire, and a nail head is obtained.
The process of making nails is clearly presented in the following video:
Thus, the entire process of nail production consists of two technological operations, which are fully automated on modern equipment. The manufacture of these fasteners can be carried out and how.
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How to organize a business - the production of nails, the choice of equipment
To organize production, you will need a small room, with an area of 20 square meters. m. For example, you can use a garage box, and on the territory of a suburban area - outbuildings.
The main condition is the presence of a power supply with a power of 380 W, since the most profitable equipment for the production of nails is designed specifically for this power. Of course, there are models that also work from a 220 W network, but their performance is not high enough.
As practice shows, the consumption of electricity for the production of the same volume of products for machines with domestic voltage is greater than for equipment that requires a voltage of 380 watts.
The choice of equipment today is quite wide. You can buy machine tools made in Russia, China, Ukraine and European countries. Experts note that the quality of the machines is approximately at the same level, so it is necessary to focus not on the country of production of a particular machine, but on its operating parameters:
- productivity per minute;
- the diameter of the wire used;
- rod length adjustment;
- cap diameter adjustment.
Of greatest interest are machines that allow you to change the last three parameters, which allows you to produce various nails and thus provide a complete range of these products.
Another point that you should pay attention to when choosing equipment is the presence of an automatic wire unwinding device on the machine. Many inexpensive models do not have it, but such a device is necessary for high-quality production. Therefore, if the machine is not equipped with it, it will have to be purchased additionally.
Also, for quality products, you will need grinding machine designed for final processing of nails.
Raw materials for production
For the production of nails, low-carbon steel wire of such grades as St 1,2,3 KP and St 3 PS is used. The wire is supplied in reels weighing from 500 kg to 2 tons.
The average cost of one ton is 18,000-19,000 rubles. More expensive is galvanized wire, which makes it possible to produce galvanized nails.
Before starting production, it is necessary to find suppliers of high-quality wire. The best option is the purchase of raw materials from a steel company. In this case, both the quality of the wire and its cost will be at an acceptable level.
Experts advise to exclude options for buying wire made in China. It costs less than the Russian one, but its quality is low, and about a quarter of the produced nails turn out to be defective.
It is also necessary to avoid using wire that has traces of rust. This not only worsens the appearance of the nails, but also affects the performance of the machine - rust fragments settle on the working surfaces and lead to a deterioration in the quality of work or equipment breakdown.
How much income does the manufacture of nails bring
The business plan - the production of nails - should focus on the ability of the equipment to produce a certain amount of products. For example, the average productivity of an inexpensive machine is 350 nails per minute; 168,000 nails can be produced in eight hours of operation.
The production of such a number of nails of the most popular size of 70 mm will require about 635 kg of wire. If we assume that the specified volume will be consumed every day, and the equipment will work without downtime and breakdowns, then about 19 tons of wire will be consumed per month. The cost of raw materials will be about 360,000 rubles. Approximately 20,000 rubles. you will need to spend on packaging material - boxes, boxes, etc.
With the cost of nails 70 mm about 47,000 rubles. per 1 ton, monthly revenue can be about 890,000 rubles.
It must be understood that it is impossible to sell such a quantity of goods without registering an enterprise with a tax authority and paying taxes. Therefore, when calculating production efficiency, it is worth including in the costs not only the costs of raw materials and equipment, but also the costs of paperwork, rental of premises, taxes and contributions of an individual entrepreneur, etc.
And you can find out how taxes for individual entrepreneurs are calculated at this address:.
Business Outlook
As a business, the production of nails has great potential for development. At the first stage, it is important to establish stable distribution channels. It can be direct sales to large wholesalers, construction companies.
In the future, you can organize your own outlets, as well as launch the production of nails in small consumer packaging. These products: nails of 2-3 dozen or 100-200 g - are in great demand. Therefore, with the successful development of the business, you can purchase a packing machine and pack nails under your own brand, as well as produce products commissioned by retail chains.
Tip: before starting the production process, conduct a market research for existing demand - you need to find out which products are most in demand among buyers.
The smart nails puzzle is a classic puzzle consisting of two identical nails.
The gap where the nails intersect is wider than the thickness of the nails themselves, so the nails can be joined together as well as pulled apart without the use of force.
The sheer simplicity of this puzzle makes it great, and the solution to the puzzle isn't as obvious as it first appears.
This tutorial will show you how to give the nails the correct shape and, of course, how to solve the puzzle itself.
Step 1: Bending Machine
The secret to creating this puzzle lies in understanding how to make 2 nails in the correct shape.
The easiest way is to create a bending fixture, which consists of two 7.5 cm metal rods and a block of wood. The rods can be made from two bolts by tightening them in a vise and cutting off the heads and threaded parts. Sharp edges remaining after the cut must be carefully sanded.
Using a 0.8 cm bit, I drilled two holes in the block of wood about 2.5 cm apart. One hole was about 2.5 cm deeper than the other - this is important.
Step 2: Clamp the bending machine in a vise
Metal rods need to be driven into holes, and wooden block tighten into a vise.
You can create such a device with different materials and fixtures - the idea is that you need two strong posts set close together on a fixed base.
Step 3: Nails
I tried different nails, but I liked the standard 16D 3 1/2″ nails the most. Try to create puzzles from several varieties of nails, and you can also make from wire to find the perfect one.
If the nails are covered with anti-corrosion grease, then it is better to wipe them off, otherwise, by the time you finish the job, all this grease will be on your hands.
Step 4: Bend the nails
Holding the nail firmly in the pliers, place it between the rods as shown in the picture and bend the nail around the longer rod.
It may take several attempts to get good results, but after a couple of bent nails, you will understand how it is done correctly.
Step 5: Almost done
The nails should look like this.
Step 6: Gap
The key is to get the correct gap where the nail crosses itself.
The gap should be slightly wider than the thickness of the nail itself.
If necessary, gently tap the bent nail with a hammer until an identical nail cannot pass through the gap.
Step 7: Doing more and more...
Obviously, you need two nails for one puzzle. But I recommend making a lot of puzzles, simply because it will be a great gift for those people with whom you are in contact.
Step 8: How to Solve the Puzzle
First you need to put the nails together. The process is the reverse of how to separate them. The solution is in the second and third picture - movement requires a lot of rotation. The two nails should wrap around the middle point where they touch.
Just play with them and put a little effort at different angles and you'll be fine.
But, it's not as easy as it seems, and for the joy of solving, I highly recommend following the photos just to assemble the nails. And try to separate without peeping.
Bent Nails is a classic do-it-yourself puzzle that should delight you and everyone you give it to.
Nail- this is fastener, which is a hardware in the form of a rod with a head and a sharp end. The rod can be cylindrical, parallelepipedic, cone-shaped or pyramidal in shape. A nail is used to fasten (usually wood) pieces of wood various materials between themselves.
Nail production equipment
The following equipment is used:
- nail machine. Pay attention to what length and width products he can produce. Will come out more expensive universal machines than mini-devices designed to produce nails with a small diameter. The cost starts from 500 thousand rubles;
- Grinder. It will give the product a marketable appearance. The price of such a device is at least 200 thousand rubles;
- Packing machine. Manually packing nails is difficult and time consuming. But, you can purchase a packing machine that will be used for packing goods in an automated mode. Its price is approximately 400 thousand rubles;
- Tap. Its task is to lift coils with wire and install them in the machine. The price is 150 thousand rubles.
Above are prices for new equipment. You can save money and buy used machines. But, you should do this carefully, making sure that the products are in good working order and have not fully developed their resource. The equipment must be repairable, and spare parts for it must be freely available.
Production technology
GOSTs
The main GOST standards used in the production of nails:
- GOST 4029-63 Round roofing nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 4030-63 Roofing nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 4032-63 Round finishing nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 4033-63 Round wallpaper nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 4034-63 Round container nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 4035-63 Round forming nails. Design and dimensions;
- GOST 6750-75: Copper nails for shipbuilding. Specifications.
Raw material
The advantage of the business is that only one consumable is required for production - wire.
According to GOST 283-75, nails are made from wire:
- round section - from low-carbon steel uncoated thermally uncoated wire according to GOST 3282 or from wire according to normative and technical documentation (NTD);
- shaped section - from low-carbon steel thermally untreated wire without coating according to NTD.
It is sold in reels weighing from 150 to 2,000 kg. The wire must be strong. For example, a ton of steel wire costs about 32-36 thousand rubles. When sales are established, it will be possible to purchase raw materials in large volumes, which will lead to a decrease in its price.
In the past, nails were made from bronze or wrought iron, but modern manufacturing typically uses steel, often coated to prevent corrosion under severe conditions or simply to improve adhesion. Conventional wood nails are typically made from mild, low carbon steel (about 0.1% carbon, the rest iron and possibly traces of silicon or manganese). For the production of nails for concrete, high-carbon steel with a content of 0.5-0.75% carbon is used.
Kinds
We list the main types:
- A nail is ordinary, construction;
- Screw;
- Duckert;
- Comb (ruffled, corrugated);
- slate;
- Roofing (roofing);
- Finishing;
- Nail on concrete and metal.
Dimensions
Most countries, with the exception of the United States, use the metric system to describe sizes. If, for example, the package indicates the size 2.0 × 50, then the smaller number - 2 mm - is the diameter, and the larger one - 50 mm - means the length.
Table - Standard sizes and theoretical mass
| Size, mm | Weight 1000 pcs, kg |
|---|---|
| 0.8x8 | 0,032 |
| 0.8x12 | 0,051 |
| 1.0x16 | 0,100 |
| 1.2x16 | 0,147 |
| 1.2x20 | 0,183 |
| 1.2x25 | 0,219 |
| 1.4x25 | 0,302 |
| 1.4x32 | 0,385 |
| 1.4x40 | 0,482 |
| 1.6x25 | 0,397 |
| 1.6x40 | 0,633 |
| 1.6x50 | 0,791 |
| 1.8x32 | 0,640 |
| 1.8x40 | 0,787 |
| 1.8x50 | 0,967 |
| 1.8x60 | 1,160 |
| 2.0x40 | 0,949 |
| 2.0x50 | 1,190 |
| 2.5x50 | 1,870 |
| 2.5x60 | 2,230 |
| 3.0x70 | 3,770 |
| 3.0x80 | 4,330 |
| 3.5x90 | 6,600 |
| 4.0x100 | 9,500 |
| 4.0x120 | 11,500 |
| 5.0x120 | 17,800 |
| 5.0x150 | 21,900 |
| 6.0x150 | 32,400 |
| 6.0x200 | 43,100 |
| 8.0x250 | 96,200 |
Note. The mass of 1000 club nails is 15% less, and that of club nails with jumpers is 12% less than the mass of 1000 round nails of the same size.
How to do + video of the operation of the simplest machine
By the end of the 19th century, forged nails were the subject of an extensive handicraft industry. The production, as a rule, consisted of the following: the blacksmith took an iron rod, heated it in a furnace, pulled it off on the anvil with hammer blows, sharpening it at the end and leaving a thickening in place of the future head. Then the rod at the head was cut off and inserted into a bar with a hole (nailer), after which the head (hat) was flattened with a hammer. Master nailers achieved considerable speed in manufacturing, managing to forge two nails while the rod cools, and a certain James Leiston in Birmingham forged 17 thousand pieces in two weeks.
In other cases, nails were cut from an iron strip (crutches). The technology provided for cutting such a strip first into transverse strips with a width of the estimated length of the spike, and then lengthwise into separate pieces (diagonally so that one end was pointed) to obtain longitudinal fibers in the spikes themselves. Then the blunt side was bent in the nailer, forming a hat. Crutches, with their narrow heads, are used in carpentry.
The same operations subsequently began to be carried out by machines. Nails were forged from hot iron and from cold. The cast ones were made of cast iron and fired.
Currently used for production modern technologies and equipment in the form of a special rotary press, commonly called a nail machine.
Video. How nails are actually made simple machine:
A new such nailing machine (machine) AG4116 is sold at a price of around 1,200,000 rubles. It is intended for the manufacture of ordinary building nails in accordance with GOST 4028-63 and container nails with a flat head (GOST 4034-63) from low-carbon steel wire (GOST 3282-74).
Nailing machine AG 4116 can also be used for the manufacture of products from non-ferrous metals and alloys with a tensile strength of 50 kg/mm to 100 kg/mm.
The machine is equipped with an unwinding device for installing coils of wire up to 1500 mm.
The process of making nails for a nailer and a nailer is significantly different, which we will discuss in a separate article dedicated to them.
Sales of products
At each construction site, production and in each residential building, nails are required in various volumes. They are used for a wide variety of activities - from assembling furniture to assembling frames for pouring the foundation. At first glance, the need for nails is simply huge, and the owner of the enterprise will definitely not be left without orders. But, you need to understand that many wholesale buyers prefer cooperation with large suppliers, and also take into account competitors. On the domestic market, nails are presented not only by local manufacturers, but also by foreign companies. To get a competitive enterprise, you need to thoroughly promote it with advertising, make quality products and sell them at low prices. Only the observance of these three factors is the guarantor of the success of future business activities.
Of course, it makes no sense to stand on the market yourself and sell nails produced at a personal enterprise. Such an implementation is unlikely to pay back investments in production even after many years. Sales must be on a large scale. Nails should be supplied to large construction hypermarkets and small shops. Implementation with the help of online stores will also be useful. You can arrange the delivery of your own products to retail outlets yourself or hire a sales manager. He will be fully engaged in this activity. With a successful combination of circumstances, in a month it will be possible to establish a serious sale.
Search for premises for organizing activities
To organize activities, you will need a room with a total area of at least 150-200 sq.m. On its territory there will be equipment for production, a warehouse, offices of an accountant, a technologist, a manager, a canteen and a locker room. It will be difficult to buy it, since an object with such a quadrature will cost about 10-15 million rubles. It is easier to rent a production space. Suitable object somewhere on the outskirts locality. It is desirable to have an asphalted area and equipped entrances. This will facilitate the supply of raw materials and the loading of finished products to consumers. The cost of renting a room of 200 sq.m. will be about 100,000 thousand rubles a month. In small towns, this figure is many times less.
Here you need to add one-time work to organize the workspace for personal needs - 200 thousand rubles.
Purchase of furniture and equipment for the organization of administrative and economic activities
A couple of computers, computer tables, printers, racks, cabinets and other furniture, as well as equipment, are necessary for the full conduct of administrative and economic activities. In total, the purchase of the listed items will take about 200 thousand rubles.
Recruitment of workers in the state
The following specialists should work in production:
- equipment adjusting engineer;
- two workers;
- storekeeper-loader;
- accountant;
- master of purity;
- sales manager.
Their salary fund per month is about 250 thousand rubles per month. Approximately 600,000 rubles should be provided for the payment of wages to employees in the amount of the initial investment.
The formal side of things
Manufacture is required to be registered legally. Only in this way can it work within the framework of the legislation of the country. Choose a form of activity for the enterprise and a simplified taxation system of 6%. OKVED code for the enterprise: 25.93. It is extremely difficult to legalize the production yourself. There are a number of subtleties and nuances, ignorance of which can lead to a delay in the opening of an organization. It is recommended to contact lawyers who will take up the formal side of the matter. The one-time remuneration of such employees will be about 30-50 thousand rubles.
Total investment amount
To open an enterprise for the production of nails, you need from 500,000 rubles, in the case of using simple machines.
Payback periods
We can only say about them approximately - from 6 months. Much depends on the number of competitors in the market, the volume of construction activities, the total population, as well as the talent of the entrepreneur. You can increase your income by selling nails in other areas.
