A building with a mass presence of people is a building in which 50 or more people are simultaneously located. The height of rooms in buildings with large numbers of people fluctuates. from 3 to 9 m or more. Corridors in buildings with large numbers of people are the main horizontal communications that provide communication between rooms within a floor, as well as routes of movement from rooms to staircases.

The minimum width of corridors for mass movement is accepted 1,5 m (clean) and secondary (with a length of 10 m) 1.25 m, In real fire conditions, the main factors causing loss of consciousness or death of people are; direct contact with flame, high

temperature, lack of oxygen, presence of carbon monoxide and other toxic substances in smoke, mechanical stress. The most dangerous are the lack of oxygen and the presence of toxic substances, because... about 50-60% of deaths in fires occur from poisoning and suffocation.

Experience shows that in enclosed spaces, a decrease in oxygen concentration in some cases is possible after 1-2 minutes from the start of a fire. A particular danger to the lives of people during fires is the impact on their bodies of smoke gases containing toxic products of combustion and decomposition of various substances and materials. Thus, a concentration of carbon monoxide in smoke of 0.05% is dangerous to human life.

In some cases, flue: gases contain sulphur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, hydrocyanic acid and other toxic substances, short-term exposure to which is fatal.

Extremely high potential danger for human life as a product of combustion of synthetic polymer materials.

Hazardous concentrations can explode even with thermal oxidation and destruction of small quantities of synthetic polymer materials,

Considering that synthetic polymer materials make up more than 50% of all materials in modern premises, it is easy to see the danger they pose to people in fire conditions.

People’s lives are also dangerously exposed to high temperatures:

combustion products not only in the burning room, but also in the rooms adjacent to the burning one. The temperature of heated gases exceeding the temperature of the human body under such conditions leads to heat stroke. Already when the temperature of human skin rises to 42-46°C, painful sensations(burning) - Temperature environment 60-70 °C is dangerous to human life, especially with significant humidity and inhalation of hot gases, and at temperatures above 100 ° C, loss of consciousness occurs and death occurs within a few minutes.

No less dangerous than heat, is the effect of thermal radiation on open surfaces of the human body - Tax thermal radiation

intensity of 1.1-1.4 kW/m2 causes in humans the same sensations as a temperature of 42-46°C,

The critical radiation intensity is considered to be an intensity equal to 4,2 kW/m2. For comparison, (Table 1) shows data on the time during which a person is able to tolerate thermal radiation of an unprotected brushes hands at different irradiation intensities.


Heat flux density, kWg/m2
Allowable stay time for people
Required protection of people
The degree of thermal effect on human skin

1
2
3
4

3,0
not limited to
without protection
Painful sensations

4,2
not limited to
In combat clothing and helmets
Unbearable pain after 20s

7>0
5
Same
Unbearable pain that occurs instantly

8,5
5
Wearing combat clothing soaked in water and helmets With protective glass
Burns after 30 s

10,5
5
The same, but under the protection of sprayed water jets or water curtains
Instant Burns

14,0
5
Wearing a heat-reflective suit, protected by water jets or curtains
Same

35,0
1
The same, but with personal protective equipment
death

Table 1
People are exposed to even greater danger when directly exposed to flames, for example, when escape routes are cut off by fire. In some cases, the speed of fire spread may be so high that it is very difficult or impossible to save a person caught in the fire without special protection (sprinkling with water, protective clothing). Catching clothes on a person also leads to serious consequences. If the flame is not knocked out of clothing in a timely manner, a person may receive burns, which usually cause death. Finally, the great danger in a fire is panic, which is a sudden, unaccountable, uncontrollable fear that takes hold of a mass of people,

It arises from an unexpected danger. People are immediately afraid in the face of a formidable verse. Consciousness and will are suppressed by the impression of the fire, by the inability to immediately find a way out of the recognized situation.

To save people, the shortest and safest routes are chosen first.

Methods of rescuing people are determined depending on the situation during the fire and the condition of the people who need help. The main ways to save people are; independent exit of people; removal of people accompanied by firefighters; carrying people out; descent of those being rescued from a height,

In most cases, noticing the danger, people leave the premises before the fire department arrives.

When the rescue routes are smoked or unknown to those being rescued and, in addition, the condition and age of those being rescued raise doubts about the possibility of leaving the danger zone on their own (people are in a state of strong nervous excitement or they are children, the sick, the elderly), then the escape of those being rescued is organized.

Removal of people from the danger zone is carried out when people cannot move independently (lost consciousness, young children, disabled people, etc.) -

The descent of those being rescued from a height is carried out in cases where the rescue routes are cut off by fire and other methods cannot be used. For this, as mentioned above, stationary, mobile and portable ladders, articulated lifts, rescue ropes and other devices are used. In some cases, rescue methods can be used in combination. For example, independent exit to a certain place and then exit accompanied by firefighters; bringing people to the roof or balcony and lowering them from a height With using retractable ladders, rescue ropes, helicopters, etc.

To stop burning, the following methods are used:

· isolation of the combustion source from air oxygen (for most flammable substances, at an oxygen concentration of less than 14%, the combustion process stops);

· cooling the combustion zone to a temperature below the auto-ignition temperature;

· cooling the burning material below the ignition temperature;

· dilution of burning materials with non-flammable substances;

· braking (inhibition) of burning rate;

· mechanical knocking down of the flame in the combustion chamber;

· isolation of flammable substances from the combustion zone, etc.

Water is the cheapest and most common means of extinguishing fires. Water has a high heat capacity and a significant increase in volume during steam formation (1 liter of water produces 1700 liters of steam).

Water is used to extinguish the fire of solid flammable substances, create water curtains and cool objects (machines, structures, etc.) located near the source of combustion.

Water should not be used to extinguish electrical equipment. A low effect is observed when extinguishing oil products with water.

A spray of water is more effective when extinguishing fires, especially when extinguishing flammable liquids. When surfactants (wetting agents) are added to water, water consumption is reduced by up to 2.5 times.

Extinguishing with foam is more effective, since the foam cover shields the flammable substance from the heat of the combustion zone. Foam, both chemical and air-mechanical, is used to extinguish solids and flammable liquids.

Chemical foam is formed by the reaction between an alkali and an acid in the presence of a foaming agent.

Air-mechanical foam is a colloidal substance consisting of gas bubbles surrounded by films of liquid. It is obtained by mixing water and foaming agent with air. Air-mechanical foam is characterized by expansion ratio, i.e. the ratio of the volume of foam to the volume of its liquid phase. To extinguish flammable liquids (FL) and flammable liquids, it is possible to use air-mechanical foam of medium expansion (from 40 to 120).

Extinguishing with powder compositions is very effective, as they have a high fire extinguishing ability. They are used when extinguishing a fire cannot be extinguished with water and foams (metals, etc.). It is permissible to extinguish fires with powder compositions at sub-zero temperatures.

The main role when extinguishing a fire with powders is their ability to inhibit flames.

Inert diluents are used as fire extinguishing compositions for volumetric extinguishing - water vapor, carbon dioxide, nitrogen, flue gases, etc. Extinguishing when the medium is diluted with inert diluents is associated with heat loss for heating these diluents, which leads to a decrease in the rate of the combustion process.

Water vapor is used to extinguish fires in small spaces. Carbon dioxide is used to extinguish fires in flammable liquid warehouses, etc.

The choice of extinguishing agent depends on the class of fire, for example:

· class A – all types of fire extinguishing agents can be used;

· class B – water and all types of foam, powders are used;

· class C – gas compositions in the form of inert diluents, powders, water are used;

· class D – powders are used;

· class E – powders, carbon dioxide, etc. are used.

Fire extinguishing means are divided into primary and stationary.

Primary fire extinguishing agents are used to extinguish small fires. The following are used: fire nozzles, fire extinguishers, dry sand, thick blankets, etc.

Stationary fire extinguishing systems are always ready for action. The fire extinguishing process can be started remotely or automatically. Sprinkler and deluge systems are used for automatic water fire extinguishing.

Sprinkler systems, which are automatic fire extinguishing systems using sprayed water, have become most widespread. They are a network of water pipes in which water is constantly under pressure and irrigation heads (sprinklers) are installed. Their number is selected from the condition of irrigation with one sprinkler from 9 to 12 m2 of room area. The holes of the sprinkler heads are sealed with a low-melting compound designed for temperatures of 72, 93, 141 or 182 ° C. In the event of a fire, these holes unsolder themselves and irrigate the security zone with water. The disadvantage of such a system is the relatively large inertia - the heads open approximately 2-3 minutes after the temperature rises.

It is possible to use deluge units of group action. Instead of sprinkler heads, they are equipped with drenchers - open irrigation heads without locks. During normal times, the water outlet is closed by a group action valve. The valve can be opened manually or automatically with an alarm. One paddle or rosette type drencher can irrigate up to 12 m2 of floor. A deluge sprayer with screw slots makes it possible to obtain atomized water with a finer dispersion and, at a height of more than 5 meters, irrigates a floor area of ​​up to 210 m2.

Fire extinguishers are widely used as primary fire extinguishing agents. According to the composition of the fire extinguishing agent, fire extinguishers are water, foam, powder, freon, carbon dioxide, air-foam and combined.

By capacity, fire extinguishers are divided into:

· small-capacity (up to 5 l);

· industrial manual (up to 10 l) and mobile (more than 10 l).

The marking of a fire extinguisher usually contains information about the properties of the fire extinguishing mixture and the volume of the fire extinguisher. For example, OHP-10 means: a chemical foam fire extinguisher with a capacity of about 10 liters.

Fire notification and alarm systems

Fire alarms and communications are designed to provide quick notification of a fire, which greatly increases the success of fire suppression. Depending on the purpose of the building or premises, the following systems and fire automatic equipment can be installed:

· fire alarm;

· security and fire alarm system.

The regulatory documents are:

· NPB 104-95. Design of systems for warning people about fire in buildings and structures;

· NPB 110-99. List of buildings, structures, premises and equipment subject to protection by automatic fire extinguishing and fire detection systems.

Fire alarms can be electrical or automatic. When using an electric fire alarm, notification of a fire occurs within a few seconds. In this case, the alarm system consists of a receiving station and detectors connected to it. A fire signal is given by pressing a detector button, which is installed in prominent places in industrial premises.

In automatic fire alarms, detectors are divided depending on the method of detecting the initial stage of a fire: thermal, smoke, light and combined.

Heat detectors are triggered when the ambient temperature rises. Their sensitive elements are various metal plates or spirals with ends soldered with low-melting solder. If the temperature rises, the plates bend and connect electrical contacts, which activate sound and light alarms. Detectors operate at set temperatures of 60, 80 and 100°C, response time is approximately 50 s, controlled area is 15-30 m2.

In smoke detectors, the sensing element may be photocells or ionization chambers. In the latter case, due to the action of combustion products, the ionization current changes, which activates the alarm system through an electronic relay.

Light emitters react to the radiation of an open flame, i.e. to infrared and ultraviolet rays.

Combined emitters perform the functions of heat and smoke detectors. They are made on the basis of a smoke detector with the inclusion of elements electrical diagram, used to operate the thermal emitter. The controlled area is approximately 100 m2.

Ultrasonic sensors are used to detect moving objects (oscillating flames, walking people, etc.) in enclosed spaces.

Fire alarm systems are used to equip technological installations with increased fire danger, industrial buildings, and warehouses.

Fire communications are divided into notification of fire extinguishing services, dispatch communications and fire communications. Unique economic objects have their own fire-fighting forces and, in any case, have a direct connection with the communication centers of other fire-fighting forces.

Fire safety at the enterprise

In accordance with the law, enterprise managers have certain rights and responsibilities in the field fire safety. Employers have the right:

· create, reorganize and liquidate in the prescribed manner fire departments, which they maintain at their own expense;

· make proposals to government bodies to ensure fire safety;

· carry out work to establish the causes of fires that occurred at the enterprise;

· establish measures of social and economic incentives to ensure fire safety.

The legislation places responsibility for the fire safety of the enterprise on the employer. Accordingly, the employer is obliged to appoint officials responsible for fire safety of individual units (facilities).

The employer is obliged:

· appoint a person responsible for fire safety of the organization;

· organize fire protection of the facility;

· organize training of workers and employees in fire safety rules;

· develop long-term plans to improve fire safety at the enterprise;

· develop instructions on the procedure for working with flammable substances and materials, as well as instructions on compliance with fire safety regulations, etc.

Responsible persons who are assigned responsibility for fire safety by the employer are obliged to:

· communicate fire safety rules to employees;

· take part in the development of fire safety instructions;

· monitor the good condition of heating, ventilation, electrical equipment, etc.;

· monitor the technical condition of fire extinguishing equipment;

· organize the actions of personnel in the event of a fire (calling the fire brigade, using primary fire extinguishing equipment, evacuating workers).

Responsibility of officials for violation of fire safety legislation is possible in the form of: disciplinary action, administrative punishment and criminal liability.

Basics of fire safety in the office, in the car, in the forest

Fire safety legislation defines the responsibilities of any Russian citizen:

· comply with fire safety requirements;

· have primary fire extinguishing equipment in personal premises and buildings;

· If a fire is detected, immediately notify the fire brigade;

· before the arrival of the fire department, take all possible measures to save people, property and extinguish the fire;

· Follow the instructions of fire officials.

About 10 thousand people die from fires in Russia every year. They often die not from flames, but from smoke and toxic combustion products. Approximately 80% of fire victims were intoxicated.

Currently, industrial television is widely used in workplaces; many offices and break rooms are equipped with television receivers and video systems. Below is a suggested procedure if the TV catches fire:

1. Disconnect the television receiver from the network and cover it with a thick cloth;

2. Since the kinescope can explode, stand on the side of the screen and pour water from the side of the ventilation grilles;

3. In the event of a kinescope explosion, given that the smoke released is very dangerous, the following is recommended:

· hold your breath at the moment of explosion;

· immediately remove persons from the premises;

· Protect the respiratory tract with a wet cloth and continue extinguishing.

· install the TV receiver no closer than 70-100 cm from the curtains;

· exclude proximity to heating systems;

· do not place flammable objects or vases with water on the TV;

There must be free access of air to the ventilation grilles.

The procedure to act in case of fire in the workplace (office, workroom) is studied during special fire safety training (or these issues are included in the introductory training program on labor protection). Fire safety issues may also be included in occupational safety instructions in the “Actions in case of emergency” section.

1. Call 01 (or the phone number specified in the “instructions”). Wherein:

· clearly state your address, last name and contact telephone number;

· if necessary, specify the floor, entrance and the possibility of access to the house by special vehicles;

· meet a fire truck if necessary;

2. Warn management and other workers about the fire and begin evacuation in accordance with the approved scheme;

3. In case of a small fire, using primary fire extinguishing agents, begin to extinguish the fire on your own. In this case it is necessary:

· turn off electrical appliances;

· close the windows, as air flow will intensify the fire;

· take into account that opening the door to a room where there is a fire must be done very carefully, as the flames of the fire may blaze towards you;

· stay close to the floor and protect your respiratory tract from smoke with a wet cloth;

4. While on top floor, try to assess the situation - it may be better to stay in the work room, since loss of consciousness from combustion products is possible when going down. In this case, it is necessary to clog all the cracks with wet rags;

5. When evacuating down, do not use the elevator, since when there is smoke, the elevator shaft works like exhaust pipe and you can be poisoned by combustion products, and it is also possible to cut off the power supply;

6. If the workroom is located no higher than the 4th floor, and evacuation down is impossible, try going downstairs yourself.

When ensuring fire safety in a car, one should take into account possible signs of a fire in the car:

1. The smell of burning rubber, gasoline, a stream of smoke from under the hood;

2. Light or sound signals oncoming cars.

It must be taken into account that a person can stay in a burning car for no more than 1-2 minutes, since burning synthetic materials emit highly toxic combustion products.

At the first sign of a fire in your car, you should:

1. Stop and remove the ignition key;

2. Put the car on the handbrake and, taking a fire extinguisher and first aid kit, leave the car.

When extinguishing a burning car:

1. Carefully open the hood of the car, as flames may escape due to the influx of oxygen;

2. When using a fire extinguisher, direct the flame to the source of fire;

3. If necessary, throw sand, snow on the fire, cover with thick cloth;

4. Stop passing cars, since several fire extinguishers are more effective (the time factor is important);

5. Remember about personal safety - hands and clothes may be covered in gasoline or oil.

· when charging a battery, hydrogen is released, and its mixture with air is explosive;

· store no more than 20 liters of gasoline and no more than 5 kg of oil in the garage;

· It is prohibited to use open fire and electric welding in the garage;

· in the garage they do not wash parts in gasoline, kerosene, etc.;

· When refueling the car, turn off the engine; it is better for passengers to leave the cabin.

Fire safety in forests must be observed both by employees of organizations carrying out work in the forest zone and by all citizens while in the forest.

Before starting work in the forest, organizations must register with the relevant territorial authorities. All employees must be instructed on fire safety in the forest and how to extinguish a forest fire. An organization working in the forest must have primary fire extinguishing equipment and a first aid kit.

Combustible and lubricating materials must be stored closed in a specially prepared place, away from workers’ homes. The storage area for flammable materials is cleared of vegetation and dug in with a strip of at least 1.4 meters wide.

Logging operations are carried out after obtaining the appropriate permit. Wherein:

· the forest cutting area is cleared of logging residues;

· burning of logging residues is carried out in a clearing at least 25 meters from the edge of the forest.

General fire safety requirements:

· when moving or crossing, it is prohibited to throw away cigarette butts, burning matches, etc.;

· during transitions, a smoke break is arranged for everyone at once on the spot;

· unnecessary materials impregnated with flammable substances must be buried;

· control the possibility of spark formation from running tractor engines, etc.

When starting a fire, the following safety requirements are observed:

a) a flat area is selected, at least 15 meters away from trees;

b) the chosen place for the fire is cleared of debris, grass and dug in with a strip no less than 0.5 meters wide;

c) lighting a fire is prohibited:

· in strong winds;

· in a dead forest;

· on peat bogs;

· on dry grass;

· in the reeds;

· in young coniferous trees;

· in planting grains, corn, etc.

d) when extinguishing the fire, the fire is filled with water or covered with earth.

Remember that violators of fire safety rules may be subject to both administrative liability (fine) and criminal liability. According to a court decision, compensation for damage from a fire can be in the form of compensation:

· for the costs of extinguishing the fire;

· for losses from loss of timber;

· from the costs of cleaning up the area after a fire;

· from the costs of land reclamation work and growing young forests.

In houses with stove heating, it is necessary to pay attention to compliance with fire safety requirements both when installing stoves and during their operation.

Fires most often occur due to overheating of stoves, when cracks appear in the brickwork as a result of the use of flammable and flammable liquids for kindling, or burning coals falling out of the firebox or ash pit.

The reason for the appearance of cracks and overheating of the walls of chimneys may be the burning of soot accumulating in the chimneys. Building codes require that the design of any furnace meets fire safety requirements.

The rules for operating stoves are very simple. It should be emphasized that fires most often occur when stoves are left unattended during combustion.

In severe frosts, stoves are often heated for a long time, resulting in overheating individual parts ovens. If these parts come into contact with the wooden structures of the building, then a fire is inevitable. Therefore, it is recommended to heat the stove two to three times a day for no more than 1.5 hours rather than once for a long time.

Do not use flammable or combustible liquids when lighting the stove. Such cases are rare, but they usually result in burns and death.

Do not store hay or other flammable materials in attics.

Do not throw away unextinguished coals and ash near buildings.

Before the beginning heating season you need to check the serviceability of the stove and chimney, repair them, clean out soot, seal cracks with clay-sand mortar, whitewash the chimney in the attic and above the roof (this is necessary for visual inspection and detection of cracks during operation).

It is necessary to recall the categorical prohibition of leaving young children near burning stoves without adult supervision.

The firebox is made of refractory bricks.

Homeowners should clean soot buildup from indoor stove chimneys at least once every two months. Furniture and other flammable items must not be placed closer than 0.7 m from the burning stove, and no less than 1.25 m from the combustion openings.

It is the homeowner's responsibility to repair the stove, and the installation of the stove must be done by a qualified professional.

Folding the oven is a science.

Recently, the scale of construction of private houses has increased, and the number of heating stoves, arranged where there are no local heating systems and gas pipelines. It’s no secret that in practice, in newly built and reconstructed residential buildings With stove heating there are many shortcomings that threaten fire.

Pipes must be vertical without ledges, made only of clay bricks with walls no less than 120 mm thick or heat-resistant concrete no less than 60 mm thick. The minimum cross-section of the chimney channel is 140x140 mm. The use of asbestos-cement pipes is prohibited. Chimneys should be installed above the roof of taller buildings attached to a stove-heated house. Cutting is the thickening of the wall of a furnace or smoke channel (pipe) at the point of contact with the building structure made of flammable or low-combustible material.

The chimney provides normal draft if its height is at least 5 m, counting from the level of the grate.

Where the pipe passes through the ceilings, a fire-resistant horizontal groove is made, which is a thickening of the pipe walls. Another thickening of the pipe walls is done above the roof. This device is called an otter. The otter protects the attic from rain and snow entering through the gaps between the pipe and the roof. The gaps are covered with a collar made of sheet steel, one edge of which is tucked under the otter. The pipe ends with a head in the form of a cornice with two projections. Pipe laying within attic space they are carried out on clay mortar, and above the roof - on cement or lime mortar. When determining the height of the chimney above the roof, you must be guided by the following:

and if chimney located at a distance of up to 1.5 m from the ridge
roofs horizontally, it is placed 0.5 m above the ridge;

b) if the pipe is within 1.5-3 m from the ridge, it is removed to
ridge level, but not lower than 0.5 m from the roof surface;

Sometimes umbrellas and metal caps are placed over the head of the chimney. But these devices are winter time create favorable conditions for condensation of water vapor and icing. It is best to cover the head with a layer cement mortar, with a slope to the outer sides.

The dimensions of furnace grooves and smoke ducts, taking into account the thickness of the furnace wall, should be taken as 500 mm to wooden structures. It is forbidden to support or rigidly connect the furnace section to the building structure. Discharge of smoke into ventilation ducts is not allowed. The distance between the top of the furnace floor, made of three rows of bricks, and wooden ceiling, protected by plaster, should be at least 250 mm for stoves with intermittent firing and 700 mm for stoves long burning, and with an unprotected ceiling, respectively - 350 and 1000 mm. For kilns with an overlap of two rows of bricks, the indicated distances increase by 1.5 times. The clear distance from the outer surfaces of chimneys to rafters, sheathing and other roofing parts must be at least 130 mm.

To connect stoves to chimneys, nozzles with a length of no more than 0.4 m are provided, subject to a number of additional conditions. The use of various horizontal chimneys (“hogs”) is prohibited.

The stove must be installed indoors in compliance with the standard deviation, that is, the distance from the outer surface of the stove or chimney to wooden wall or partitions, which depends on the design of the furnace and the protection of the walls (partitions), should be from 200 to 500 mm.

At gas heating the installation of chimneys must fully comply with the given requirements, as for conventional heating stoves.

-> Sections of the site -> Bath stove -> Fire safety-> Fireproof oven

Precautions when operating the stove and chimney

Before you start building a house, cottage, or bathhouse, you need to decide: what kind of stove you will have, where it will be located in the room, where the chimney will pass through the ceiling.

The stove must be positioned in such a way as to maintain fire safety clearances from combustible surfaces. The location of the chimney passage is important for the location of the floor beams if they are made of wood.

The fire safety guidelines that must be followed are clearly and concisely outlined in the diagram below: “Mandatory requirements for fire safety standards and regulations when installing stoves in residential buildings”.

These “Mandatory Requirements...” also apply to sauna stoves.

I will provide information posted on the website of the Main Directorate of the Ministry of Emergency Situations of Russia.

Fire safety measures when operating a stove or chimney

But for this you need very little - to learn a series simple rules, which will not allow you to disturb the harmony of your home, and the use of coal-wood heating would carry a heating function and serve aesthetic pleasure.

1. Before the start of the heating season, clean stoves and chimneys, repair them and whitewash them with lime or clay mortar so that you can notice the black cracks that have appeared from the smoke passing through them.

When checking chimneys, they check: the presence of draft and the absence of clogging; their density and isolation; the presence and serviceability of grooves protecting combustible structures; serviceability and correct location of the head relative to the roof, closely located trees and structures in order to make sure that the chimneys are located outside the zone of wind pressure.

Repair and installation of furnaces can only be trusted to persons and organizations that have received a special license from the Russian Ministry of Emergency Situations to carry out this work.

2. Stove, chimney at the junction with wooden attic or interfloor ceilings must have thickenings brickwork - fluff. We must not forget about thickening the walls of the oven. For joining the furnace mass with wooden partitions it is used fire cutting.

3. Any furnace must have an independent foundation and not adjoin the entire plane of one of the walls to wooden structures. It is necessary to leave an air gap between them - a retreat. On wooden floor Before the firebox, it is necessary to nail a metal (pre-furnace) sheet measuring at least 50 by 70 cm.

4. It is extremely dangerous to leave burning stoves unattended or in the care of young children.

5. Do not use flammable or flammable liquids to light stoves.

6. To prevent the stove from overheating, it is recommended to heat it two to three times a day for no more than an hour and a half.

7. Three hours before going to bed, the heating of the stove should be stopped.

8. To avoid the formation of cracks in the masonry, you need to periodically clean the chimney from soot that accumulates in it. At least once every three months, engage a chimney sweep to clean the chimneys of soot.

9. Do not dry things or wet firewood on the stove.

10. Make sure that furniture and curtains are located at least half a meter from the mass of the burning stove.

11. Under no circumstances should you light the stove with wood that does not fit into the firebox in length. The fire can spread through the logs to nearby objects, floors and walls.

12. With the onset of sub-zero temperatures, freezing of chimneys is dangerous, which can lead to disruption of ventilation in residential premises. In winter, at least once a month it is necessary to inspect the chimney heads in order to prevent freezing and blockage of the chimneys. Owners of houses (both private and departmental, as well as municipal) are required to check their chimneys for proper draft.

Quite often on forums dedicated to the subject of bathhouses or stoves, people post photographs of already built stoves that are installed indoors with all conceivable and inconceivable violations of fire safety rules.

In order to correct these violations, you need to put in a lot of work and invest a lot of money. And the question arises: “Who stopped you from typing a phrase like “Fire safety of a stove” into a search engine and looking at the requirements.”

Therefore, in order to avoid getting into a similar situation, I advise you to thoroughly understand the requirements of fire safety standards and regulations when installing stoves before starting construction. And then demand compliance with these requirements.

Remember that all fire safety rules and regulations are written human lives and any violation of these norms will sooner or later play a fatal joke on you.