Purpose: - for delivery of combat crews and fire-fighting equipment to the fire site; carrying out rescue operations in the upper floors of buildings and performing auxiliary work at heights; extinguishing a fire with water or high-pressure MP using a fire monitor and using it as a crane with a folded set of elbows.
ALs are classified by length:
AL-18(52)12 – light type – up to 20 m.
– medium type – from 20 to 30 m.
AL-45(133GYA)PM – 501 – heavy type – more than 30 m.
AL-45(257)PM – 109
Classification of firefighters AL:
Firefighting performance characteristics AL-30(131)PM-506
1. Basic chassis ZIL – 131
2. Number of combat crew seats – 3
The maximum length of a fully extended staircase (m) is 30 (you can reach the 8th floor).
The maximum working load at the top of the stairs at a lifting angle of 75 o (kN) is 250.
Lift angle range (deg) – 0° – 75°.
Maximum reach (m) of steel turntable with working load at the top – 16
Load capacity when using a ladder truck as a crane (with the ladder moved) (kg) at a deg lifting angle: 0 o – 30 o – 500 kg; 30 o – 60 o – 750 kg; 60 o – 75 o – 1000 kg.
Minimum elevation angle at which the knee can move under its own weight, degrees. – 30 o.
Working pressure in the hydraulic system is 16 (mPa).
The working fluid of the hydraulic system is all-season oil VMG-3.
The capacity of the hydraulic system tank is 90 l.
The shortest time for ladder maneuvers without load (C) rise from 0° to 75° is 25.
extension to full length at an angle of elevation of 75 o - 25
turn 360 o - 60
Maneuver: lift from 0° to 75°, full extension and turn 90° – 90.
Standards for the placement of fire protection equipment, equipment and inventory on the AL-30(131) PM-50B ladder truck.
Monitor barrel – 1 pc.
Replacement nozzles for fire monitors diameters 25 and 28 mm. - 2 pcs.
Rescue rope length. 30 m. in a case – 1 pc.
Rope for monitoring the monitor – 1
Tension rope with reel – 2 sets.
Comb for 4 GPS – 600, 2000m – 1 pc.
Assault ladder – 3 pcs.
set of tools for cutting electrical wires – set.
manual non-mechanical firefighting tools VET – 27 items in total.
General device AL-30(131)PM-506
fire ladder chassis with cabin, platform and front support frame;
set of knees (telescopically extendable);
support device;
lifting and turning device;
additional transmission for hydraulic pump;
motion drives (lifting, turning and extending) with a hydraulic system;
controls;
automatic safety and blocking devices;
additional electrical equipment and communications.
Fire ladder chassis with cabin, platform and front support frame:
base chassis ZIL-131 with additional transmission for hydraulic pump;
driver's cabin three-seater;
metal platform of box-shaped design;
a box for placing exported equipment;
Behind the cabin there is a front support frame, which serves to support the set of knees in the transport position.
In the event of failure of an additional transmission or engine, the AL design provides an emergency drive to bring the AL from the working position to the transport position.
Hydraulic pump – pump – hydraulic motor ***** - piston type.
Operating principle:
When disk 1 rotates, the system of pistons with curtains will also rotate, and at the same time rotor 2 will rotate.
The cylindrical holes of the rotor will alternately connect to the suction and pressure cavities of the hydraulic pump.
If you supply oil under pressure to one of the cavities (suction or pressure), and drain it from the other into the oil tank, the mechanism will work like an engine.
On a fire ladder, such mechanisms are used as pumps to create high pressure of the working fluid and as drive motors for turning the ladder and extending a set of elbows. We will return to them later.
Knee set:
Consists of four main and one additional elbows, extended along guide grooves on rollers.
Numbering of knees from top to bottom.
The lower – fourth knee – is hingedly attached to the rotating frame using a pivot. The extension of the main bends is carried out using twin steel ropes. The extension principle is similar to that of the L-3K retractable manual fire escape. The extension ropes of the third elbow are wound with their lower ends on the winch drum, and with their upper ends they pass through blocks installed on the top of the 4th elbow and are attached to the lower part of the 3rd elbow through a screw coupling with right and left threads, which serves to reduce the length and tension of the right and left branches of ropes.
The lower ends of the ropes of the second bend are fixed on the top of the 4th bend, pass through the blocks on the top of the 3rd bend and are fixed in the lower part of the second bend through an adjusting threaded coupling. The ropes of the first bend are secured with their lower ends to the top of the 3rd bend, pass through blocks at the top of the second bend and are secured through blocks and a coupling at the bottom of the first bend.
With such a system, all elbows move out relative to each other at the same speed, but their absolute speeds will be different.
Support device.
Serves to ensure stability of the AL during work and prevent overload of the knees.
Device: - support frame;
Four retractable supports with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks.
Two mechanisms for blocking (switching off) rear springs with hydraulic cylinders and hydraulic locks;
Control spools located at the rear of the platform on the left and right.
When the front supports extend, the spring locking mechanisms are also activated.
1; 2; 3 – pistons
4; 5 – fittings
When oil rises under pressure into fitting 4, piston 1 moves to the left and opens path A.
Pistons 2 and 3 move to the right and oil from cavity B enters through fitting 5 (and vice versa.
Lifting and turning device:
Serves as a supporting base for a set of knees and provides lifting, lowering and turning of the stairs.
Device: - turntable, consisting of fixed and moving parts;
rotating frame;
lifting frame;
Inside the rotating frame, on the turning circle and on the lifting frame, the ladder drives are located: - axial manifold;
two lift cylinders;
extension and rotation drives;
lateral alignment mechanism - to ensure that the steps of the stairs are always in a horizontal position. Works automatically.
Hydraulic drive of lifting, extension and rotation systems.
The maple set is lifted by two hydraulic cylinders. For safe operation of the lift drive when the ladder is extended, hydraulic locks and friction hydraulic grips are provided.
The drive for extending and moving the knees consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gear;
drum for winding steel ropes.
The worm shaft has a braking device, which is similar in principle to the hydraulic grip of the lifting cylinder.
The rotation drive consists of:
hydraulic motor;
worm gearbox;
drive gear.
Hydraulic system: - ensures the operation of all actuators of the ladder.
Consists of: - hydraulic pump;
control valves;
cylinders;
hydraulic motors;
safety valve;
axial manifold;
gas sensor;
switch taps;
hydraulic pump with electric drive;
hydraulic locks;
hydraulic pump unloading crane;
automatic engine speed controller;
check valves and oil lines.
AL controls, locks and additional electrical equipment:
control panel with operator's seat;
on the remote control there are 4 handles “Lifting - lowering”, “extending - moving”, “turning” and an engine gas sensor;
extension length indicator and lift indicator;
pressure gauge showing the pressure of the working fluid in the drain line.
The safety of the AL operation is ensured by the presence of blocking devices in its design, this:
limit switches at the top of the ladder that automatically turn off the rotation or extension of the ladder if the top of the ladder hits an obstacle;
extension length limiters – switch off the extension drive when the maximum permissible length is reached at a given knee lift angle;
load limiters;
limiters for ladder extension, lowering angle and overturning moment.
In all cases when the blocking devices are activated, the operator at the console is warned by a sound and light signal, and the movement of the stairs is turned off.
Additional electrical equipment:
includes: - alarm devices;
external lighting, lighting of workplaces and compartments;
sensors and warning lamps for various purposes;
intercom loudspeaker device.
These include:
two-channel sound signal;
electric intercom;
lighting fixtures on the tops of the first and fourth legs;
lamps for illuminating the console and turning on the locks;
warning lamps;
emergency electric drive of the hydraulic system, etc.
The procedure for installing fire truck ladders:
In the transport position, the knee set must rest on the front support frame, the supports must be raised, and the rear springs must be unlocked.
The access to the serviced facility should be selected based on the maximum possible convenience of AL installation and operation.
It is advisable to install the AL at a distance of approximately 10 meters from the building.
Installation should be carried out parallel to the building, and after lifting the set of knees, turn them towards the wall. If local conditions do not allow approaching from the side, you can install the AL perpendicularly, but no more than 18 meters from the axis of the turntable from the wall (AL-30) and no more than 16 meters (AL - 45).
After installation on the selected site, you need to tighten the handbrake;
On the AL-30, place the shift lever in the neutral position, and the gearshift lever in fourth gear;
Turn on the compressor;
press the pedal of the pump unloading valve on the AL-30 and make sure there is sufficient pressure in the hydraulic system using the pressure gauge;
Lower the supports until they firmly touch the ground and block the springs (the front supports are lowered first, and then the rear ones);
If necessary, place wooden blocks under the supports and stops under the rear wheels.
Operating control .
the first operation is to lift the set of knees, since all other movements (turning, extending) are blocked;
lifting must first be done at low speed, and after reaching an angle of 30-40º, transfer to high speed;
when the maximum angle of inclination of the set of knees is reached, their lifting at the AL stops;
It should be borne in mind that AL-30, when the top of the ladder approaches the boundary of the safety field (during lowering of the extended ladder), the lowering automatically stops;
when turning the set of knees to the right, the operator must be especially careful) since his field of vision in this case is partially blocked by the set of knees;
the rotation of a fully extended and raised ladder should be carried out with very smooth acceleration and deceleration, in order to avoid vibrations of the ladder;
The most important movement of the ladder is to extend its legs to the required height. Extension for AL is possible only after lifting the set of knees to an angle of 10º, full extension for AL - 30 is possible at a lifting angle of 50º and above;
the extension of the knees is carried out, as a rule, 1-1.5 m above the eaves of the roof, platform, fence, etc.;
approaching the top of the ladder to the boundary of the motion field and, in particular, to the place of support must be done at low speed;
after the extension has stopped, it is necessary to place the knees on the contactors;
in windy weather, when extending the ladder, tension ropes should be used;
if the ladder is used using a support, then it should only touch the support, and pressure on the support should only be transferred when the set of knees is loaded;
Before moving, the ladder must be raised, moved away from the support and extended by 50 mm;
the staircase is laid by lowering the set of knees, pushed all the way, onto the front support post;
In order to reduce heating of the working fluid, load the pump with operating pressure only when performing movements. During breaks between movements, the hydraulic system must be in idle mode;
Another assembly of a model from a series of fire trucks, but this time it is an AL-30 ladder truck based on the ZIL-131. The model should turn out to be quite interesting, because if desired, it is possible to assemble a rotating and folding staircase, and the support legs can also be made folding. Now a little about the sad thing, with this set the AED has outdone itself in terms of not caring about us, that is, its clients. I have already assembled several models from the “Car in Details” series and almost every now and then I come across sets with shortages. Either the iron axles are not reported, or the ladders are lost, but as a rule, small parts are lost or not reported.
Here they managed to omit reporting as many as three details, two of them far from being the size of a match head. At first I thought that I was such a lucky guy, but as it turned out, even on popular online stores, in reviews of the contents of this designer, photos of sprues with the same shortcomings were posted. It’s strange that the iron cabin was included in the set, although the AED still has something to strive for, so perhaps soon they will release half a set or even empty boxes :-) Somehow, I seriously doubt that Tamiya or Revell screw up as often, although I don’t presume to judge , because I haven’t been collecting construction kits from these companies for a long time. In general, take note, because if you decide to buy such a set with the AL-30 ladder, then before you throw away the sales receipt and start gluing the model, you should check the contents of the set, and if anything, take it back to the store and download your license :-)
Actually, in the photo below, I noted which parts are missing in this set. In the top photo are the castrated sprues themselves. I suspect that for some reason, the batch of sprues was dumped into the far corner of production. But over time, they swept it off the floor with a broom, packaged it and put it in boxes, because when printing this construction set, some frames were covered with a thick layer of dust (not diamond).
We begin to slowly assemble the model, covering the frame of the car with various parts.
Since the operator’s seat for the ladder truck was not provided to me, I decided to adapt a seat from the remnants of previous AED kits (photo below).
The missing parts numbered 14 and 15 mainly cover the bottom of the car. Therefore, I had to partially restore it from plastic bits (photo below).
The second fragment of the guide box for the retractable supports, which was supposed to be on the missing part number 14, was decided to be cast in resin. Since its design is quite complex for manual production, and at the same time primitive for casting, since it has a cone-shaped shape (photo below). Fortunately, this part is repeated in the set (No. 17) and therefore there is something to make a copy of.
To prevent the support legs from moving out under their own weight, I glued strips of cardboard inside the guide box (photo below). Although it would be better to glue strips of fabric, it would be better suited as a sealant.
After assembling the ladder, I decided to grind off the plastic a little from all the guides, since all these fragments fit together quite tightly and slide out accordingly. And considering that there will also be a layer of aluminum paint, there is a possibility that due to such a tight assembly, it will be difficult to unfold the ladder or the paint will peel off the guides very quickly. In general, I removed the excess plastic from the guide pins with a chisel (photo above), because this method is quick and easy. And I picked it out of the grooves using an abrasive (photo below), which I scraped off with sandpaper. That is, I stupidly used sand instead of lubricant, so that when folding and unfolding sections of the stairs, it would eat up excess plastic from the guides. After the stairs became more or less easy and free to move, I washed them and painted them with enamel.
As usual, we prime the whole thing. After drying the soil, I covered it with red KUDO enamel (KU-4090). In my case, this is again an auto aerosol, which is bad because it is very liquid and, accordingly, does not cover the surface well. This is especially noticeable on all kinds of seams and corners of the model, because the light or dark base is visible, and it is necessary to apply a second layer of enamel to some parts. Therefore, I advise you to use special paints for modeling, the disadvantages of which are price, volume, and fuss with an airbrush.
I did not prime the stairs so as not to build up layers of paint on the guides. I painted them in two layers with KUDO aluminum enamel (KU-1025). Before this, I tried it on empty sprue frames, as it turned out, even without a primer, this enamel adheres to bare plastic quite firmly, it is scraped off with a fingernail very, very poorly.
After all the fragments of the staircase have dried well, we assemble it together.
I hurried a little and installed the glass on the cabin, although first I would have to apply white stripes and paint the doors, since the tape can stain the plastic glass with glue, and all this extra wiping can leave micro-scratches on the plastic gloss.
After applying the white stripes and painting the doors, we assemble and install the cabin on the model frame.
We paste decals, mirrors, lights and other finishing elements onto the model. Then, depending on the purpose, we paint all these transparent lights with colored varnishes (photo below).
At the final stage, we install the cassette with fragments of the stairs in its place, after which we make a small photo report (photos below) and put the model on the shelf to gather dust :-)
In general, almost everyone is happy with the model, except that the hole on the bumper was a little annoying. And since I recently started assembling this technical equipment, which comes with this winch, I decided to somehow copy it, making a cast in gelatin and using it to cast a copy of this part in resin (photo above). Of course, this car is more designed for cutting through multi-story concrete jungles, and not for drowning in a swamp up to the mirrors. But this winch really wanted to be in its place, especially since I think it can be used to pull out all sorts of cars that are blocking the passage.
A hydraulically driven retractable ladder is an indispensable device that is required to be included in most fire trucks. The main purpose of this design is to save people in the event of a fire hazard in high-rise multi-storey buildings. The most common models of this device are ladders of the AL 30 and AL 50 types. Their design features, as well as the operating rules, according to the instructions, will be discussed in this article, illustrated with a large number of photos and videos.
Hydraulic retractable ladder for fire truck is an indispensable equipment to help rescue people
Fire ladder - description of the device
A fire truck ladder is a special type of rescue equipment, which is a sliding rotary structure with a hydraulic lifting drive. The AL 30 and AL 50 modification systems are mounted on the chassis of specialized cargo vehicles - most often on vehicles traveling to the scene of fires.
The AL 50 ladder in sliding form can reach even the highest floors Purpose of aerial ladders AL 30 and AL 50
This type of ladder is used:
- when extinguishing fires;
- in emergency restoration work;
- for carrying out rescue operations to evacuate people.
No fire department can do without this reliable technological device. Fire escapes provide rescue teams with access to hard-to-reach places on high-rise buildings. Also, with their support, special fire extinguishing means and special equipment are delivered to the required height.
The design allows you to lift both firefighters and the equipment necessary to extinguish the fire to the floors of high-rise buildings. Often, with the help of the AL 30 and AL 50 structures, victims are evacuated from the upper floors of the building and material assets.
terms of Use
Firefighting equipment AL 30 and AL 50 has a number of design features (read about them below), which allows them to be used in various climatic conditions, including large temperature differences.
These systems are able to operate uninterruptedly in both heat and extreme cold, withstanding temperature loads from -35 to +35 degrees This system can easily withstand temperature loads from -35 to +35 degrees Celsius. And if specific instructions are followed, such systems can be used at lower temperatures.
The photo shows a fire truck equipped with an AL 30 modification ladder Classification of fire ladders
Fire structures of type AL 30 and AL 50 are classified according to the following parameters:
- length of the system when unfolded;
- number of knees;
- drive type.
These design systems are classified depending on their length, number of nodes and type of drive Length
According to this indicator, ladders are:
- light type - length up to 20 meters;
- medium - from 20 to 30 meters;
- heavy - length exceeds 30 meters.
The fire ladder in sliding form can reach a length of 50 meters Number of knees
Based on the number of bends, systems are classified into:
- three-knee;
- four-knee;
- six-knee.
As the length of the structure increases, the number of bends also increases.
This system has increased strength and has reliable components Drive types
As for the types of drives, fire ladders are divided into:
- aerial ladders with a hydraulic system;
- with mechanical drive;
- with combination box.
The greatest use has been found in hydraulic devices (see photo).
The most common design in use is considered to be a design with a hydraulic mechanism. How to decipher the markings of aerial ladders
Fire structures are marked with signs and numbers. Let's look at it in more detail using the AL 30 ladder truck as an example.
The marking of a fire escape ladder is quite simple: AL 30 - a vehicle ladder 30 meters long So, this marking is deciphered as follows:
- A-car;
- L-ladder;
- 30 is a number indicating the length of the device when unfolded; this indicator is presented in meters.
User manual
Special operating instructions for the system have been developed for this high-tech engineering device. This act is required for review by all members of fire crews.
Very important. so that after completing exercises or firefighting operations, the ladder is properly maintained and is in combat readiness The document itself consists of the following main points that must be followed:
- In order to ensure the operability of the fire hydraulic structure, it must be stored in a heated garage, at a temperature of at least 5 degrees Celsius. But at the same time, the system must always remain in combat readiness - be properly equipped with equipment and filled with fuel and lubricants.
After returning the vehicle from the mission, it is necessary to check all the parts of the fire escape, as well as clean, wipe and lubricate them - After each fire response or training session, the ladder truck must be cleaned, wiped and lubricated in accordance with the lubrication chart. It is also necessary to check the structure for serviceability of the contactors, components and hydraulic system. If a break is found on the cables, they must be urgently replaced.
When parked in a garage, the structure must be kept in perfect condition. - The approach of the ladder truck to the site should be carried out in such a way that the system can be unhindered. At the same time, the higher the ladder needs to be raised, the closer it must be to the object being served.
- It is not allowed to work on a structure if its platform has an angle of inclination to the horizon of more than 6 degrees. In this case, you need to ensure that the rear wheels of the vehicle do not end up on the roof of mines, fire wells, in trenches, unstable soil, and so on (see photo).
Before lifting the device, the driver must ensure that the machine is securely and stable in place. - Before preparing for work, you need to tighten the handbrake of the fire truck and lower the support cheeks. The structure should be controlled using handles and handwheels on the remote control.
- The first maneuver of the ladder is considered to be its growth, since in the vehicle transport position all remaining movements are blocked.
A fire truck equipped with a hydraulic ladder system must always be in good working order. - The most serious movement of the structure is considered to be the extension of the knees to the desired height. The first knee spread should be performed at low speed. After the top of the stairs reaches the maximum level, the knees must be placed on the locks and the car engine must be turned off.
Before ascending and descending a ladder, firefighters must ensure that it is securely fixed to the wall.
Conclusion
Thus, fire ladders of the AL 30 and AL 50 types are indispensable structures for ensuring the safety of people living in cities and other populated areas where there are high-rise buildings. These designs allow you to quickly and timely reach the site of rescue operations and save lives.
Firefighter ladder trucks have saved the lives of a large number of victims and continue to serve for the benefit of people Video
We bring to your attention an interesting video about the work of fire crews using the AL 30 (AL 50) staircase structure.
FIRE LADDER AL-30(131) L-21
TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION AND OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS L21. THAT
ATTENTION!
The AL-30(131) ladder truck on the ZIL-131 chassis is a complex machine capable of providing the ability to penetrate the upper floors of burning buildings and evacuate people and valuables along the flight of stairs.
To control and operate such a machine you need: knowledge, experience and strict compliance with the instructions.
Operation of the 30-meter-long AL-30 (131) ladder truck on the ZIL-131 chassis without completing a training course for maintenance and operating personnel, passing exams and certification with the issuance of a certificate at the manufacturer is PROHIBITED.
| CONTENT | |
| INTRODUCTION | |
| PART I. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION.................................................... ................... | |
| 1. PURPOSE OF THE CAR STAIRS.................................................... ........................ | |
| 2. TECHNICAL DATA............................................................ ...................................... | |
| 3. COMPOSITION. CONSTRUCTION AND OPERATION OF A VEHICLE STAIR.................................... | |
| 3.1 Chassis................................................... ........................................................ ....................... | |
| 3.2 Platform................................................... ........................................................ .... | |
| 3.3 Support stand.................................................... ............................................... | |
| 3.4 Power group................................................... ............................................... | |
| 3.5 Power take-off................................................................. ............................ | |
| 3.6 Pump installation................................................................... ............................................ | |
| 3.7 Pump-hydraulic motor.................................................... ............................................ | |
| 3.8 Oil tank.................................................... ........................................................ . | |
| 3.9 Filter................................................... ........................................................ .......... | |
| 3.10 Gas sensor.................................................... ........................................................ .. | |
| 3.11 Hydraulic system................................................... ................................................... | |
| 3.12 Support device.................................................... .................................... | |
| 3.13 Spring locking mechanism.................................................... .................... | |
| 3.14 Support................................................... ........................................................ ............ | |
| 3.15 Hydraulic lock of the support cylinder.................................................... ...................... | |
| 3.16 Support control valve.................................................... ........................ | |
| 3.17 Support frame................................................... ................................................... | |
| 3.18 Rotating support.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 3.19 Hydraulic tower.................................................... ............................ | |
| 3.20 Swing drive.................................................... ........................................... | |
| 3.21 Lifting cylinder.................................................... ........................................... | |
| 3.22 Hydraulic lock of lift cylinders.................................................... ............. | |
| 3.23 Clamp release valve.................................................... ................................ | |
| 3.24 Extension drive.................................................... .................................... | |
| 3.25 Axial manifold.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 3.26 Hand pump.................................................... ........................................................ | |
| 3.27 Control panel............................................................ ........................................ | |
| 3.28 Control valve................................................... ........................................... | |
| 3.29 Pump unloading valve.................................................... ........................................ | |
| 3.30 Drive diagram of the blocking device.................................................... .......... | |
| 3.31 Locking device................................................................. ...................................... | |
| 3.32 Switch tap............................................................ .................................... | |
| 3.33 Safety valve.................................................... ...................... | |
| 3.34 Side leveling mechanism.................................................... .......... | |
| 3.35 Side leveling cylinder.................................................... ............. | |
| 3.36 Check valve.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 3.37 Elbow kit.................................................... ........................................................ | |
| 3.38 Contactors................................................... ........................................................ .. | |
| 3.39 Electrical equipment................................................... ................................... | |
| 3.40 Fire monitor................................................................. ........................................... | |
| 4. CONTROL AND MEASURING INSTRUMENTS............................................................ . | |
| 5. EQUIPMENT AND ACCESSORIES.................................................... ......... | |
| 6. MARKING, SEALING AND PACKAGING.................................... | |
| PART II. USER MANUAL............................................... | |
| 7. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.................................................... ........................................................ | |
| 8. SAFETY INSTRUCTIONS.................................................................. ....................... | |
| 9. PREPARATION FOR WORK.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 9.1 Readiness of the ladder truck.................................................... ............................... | |
| 9.2 Arrival at the destination and preparation for work.................................... | |
| 10. OPERATING PROCEDURE.................................................... ................................................... | |
| 10.1 General instructions................................................... ........................................... | |
| 10.2 Raising the stairs.................................................... ........................................... | |
| 10.3 Rotating the stairs.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 10.4 Extending and sliding the ladder.................................................... .............. | |
| 10.5 Lowering the leaning ladder.................................................... ....... | |
| 10.6 Lifting people up stairs.................................................... ............................ | |
| 10.7 Working with a fire monitor.................................................... ............................ | |
| 10.8 Laying the stairs.................................................... ......................................... | |
| 10.9 Change of place of work.................................................... ................................... | |
| 10.10 Working with a hand pump.................................................... ............................... | |
| 10.11 Using a ladder for lifting loads.................................................... | |
| 10.12 Operation at low temperatures.................................................... ............... | |
| 11. MEASUREMENT OF PARAMETERS, REGULATION AND ADJUSTMENT……. | |
| 12. CHECKING TECHNICAL CONDITION AND MAINTENANCE....... | |
| 12.1 General instructions................................................... ........................................... | |
| 12.2 Maintenance of the hydraulic system.................................................... ................................... | |
| 12.3 Filling the hydraulic system.................................................... ............................ | |
| 12.4 Changing the oil in the hydraulic system.................................................... ........................ | |
| 12.5 Filter................................................... ........................................................ .......... | |
| 12.6 Pump and hydraulic motors.................................................... .................................... | |
| 12.7 Swivel support.................................................... ........................................... | |
| 12.8 Supports................................................... ........................................................ ............ | |
| 12.9 Ladder elbows.................................................... ............................................ | |
| 12.10 Ropes................................................... ........................................................ ........ | |
| 12.11 Contactors................................................... ........................................................ | |
| 12.12 Electrical equipment................................................... ................................... | |
| 12.13 Types and frequency of technical inspections of equipment and tests.................................................... ............................... | |
| 12.14 List of checks and maintenance of EO.................................... | |
| 12.15 List of software checks and maintenance................................. | |
| 12.16 List of checks and maintenance TO-1................... | |
| 12.17 List of checks and maintenance TO-2................... | |
| 12.18 List of inspections and maintenance of the equipment...................... | |
| 12.19 Load tests.................................................... ........................................ | |
| 13. LIST OF THE MOST COMMON OR POSSIBLE MALFUNCTIONS......................................... ............ | |
| 14. TECHNICAL INSPECTION.................................................................... . | |
| 15. STORAGE RULES.................................................... ........................................... | |
| 16. TRANSPORTATION.................................................... ...................................... | |
| APPLICATIONS: | |
| 1. List of rolling bearings used in aerial ladders.................................... | |
| 2. List of rubber sealing rings, protective washers in accordance with GOST 9833-61 and cuffs used in aerial ladders................................... . | |
| 3. Characteristics of oils used in the hydraulic system.................................................... | |
| 4. List of electrical circuit elements.................................................... .............. | |
| 5. Lubrication table.................................................... ........................................................ .......... | |
| 6. Album of illustrations (issued as a separate document)................................... | |
| CHANGE REGISTRATION SHEET |
INTRODUCTION
The technical description and operating instructions are provided for detailed familiarization of fire department crews with the design and operation of the AL-30(131) L21 fire ladder.
In addition to this maintenance, it is necessary to use the operating instructions for the ZIL-131 vehicle, the technical description and maintenance instructions for the UN.67.TO intercom.
Operating instructions for KOM-1 and other documents supplied with the ladder.
PART I. TECHNICAL DESCRIPTION
PURPOSE OF THE CAR STAIRS
1.1 A 30 m long fire ladder on a ZIL-131 AL-30(131) chassis is designed for:
a) lifting personnel and weapons of fire brigades to the upper floors
buildings when extinguishing fires;
b) rescue and evacuation of people and valuables from the upper floors of buildings;
c) extinguishing fires using a fire monitor attached to the top
stairs and sleeves laid along knee marches;
d) auxiliary work at a height of up to 30 m.
If necessary, the height of the stairs can be increased to 32 m due to an additional bend.
1.2 The ladder can be operated at ambient temperatures ranging from + 40 to -35 o C.
1.3 The ladder cannot be used on sites with a slope of more than 6° in any direction, as well as on sites with soft bulk soil.
1.4 When the wind speed is more than 10 m/s, its operation is possible with some restrictions (see Section 10).
TECHNICAL DATA
| No. | THE NAME OF INDICATORS | NORM |
| Length of fully extended ladder, m Same with additional elbow, m | ||
| Dimensions of the ladder in the stowed position, mm no more than Length Width Height | ||
| Total weight of the ladder truck and axle loads in the stowed position (fully fueled and with a crew of 3 people), t not more than: total weight load on the front axle load on the rear bogie | 10,36 3,20 7,10 | |
| Maneuver time of the ladder truck at maximum speed, sec Raising from 0 to 75 o Lowering from 75 to 0 o Extending to full length Shifting at an inclination angle of 75 o Rotating 360 o Simultaneous maneuver with any two movements | 30+/-3 30+/-3 30+/-3 30+/-3 60+/-5 60+/-5 | |
| Maximum working reach from the axis of the turntable to the projection of the top of the ladder (Fig. 2), m. Boundary of the safety field | 18+/-0,5 | |
| Permissible load on a fully extended ladder leaning against the wall - the mass of people evenly spaced along it every 3 meters, kg | ||
| Distance between the axes of fully extended support plates in the transverse direction, m, not less | 3,3 | |
| Minimum angle at which shifting is possible, degrees. | 30 o +/-3 o | |
| Load capacity of a folded ladder used as a crane, kg, no more | ||
| Working pressure in the hydraulic system MPa (kgf/cm2) | 10-12(100-120) | |
| Hydraulic system working fluid: Substitutes: | Oil VMGZ TU 38-1-196-68 Oil MG-30 TU-38-1-01-50-70 Spindle oil AU GOST 1642-50 Oil IS-30 GOST 8675-62 | |
| No. | THE NAME OF INDICATORS | NORM |
| Range of permissible operating temperatures of oils, o C: VMGZ MG-30 IS-30 AU- | From -40 to +65 From 5 to 80 From 5 to 80 From -10 to +65 | |
| Amount of working fluid in the hydraulic system of the ladder truck, l including tank capacity, l | 200+/-20 90+/-5 | |
| Pump performance at 188.4 rad/s (1800 rpm), l/min | 95+/-5 | |
| Filling capacity of the worm gearbox of the rotation drive, l, no more | ||
| Filling capacity of the worm gearbox of the extension drive, l not more than | 0,6 | |
| Filling capacity of the fuel tank, l, not less |
This is a draft article - you can put in your own efforts so that it takes on its final form!
AL-30(131)L21M-class special fire truck, fire ladder truck
Model: AL-30(131)L21
Destination indicators
Reliability indicators
Fuel economy indicators
Ergonomic indicators
Transportability indicators
General information
The AL-30(131)L21 ladder truck is designed for lifting personnel and fire-fighting equipment to the floors of a building, for rescuing and evacuating people, extinguishing fires using fire water nozzles and foam generators, as well as performing special work in the area of application from 3 to 9 floors of residential buildings. With the knees moved, the ladder can be used as a crane.Tactical options
Information taken from the "Fire Extinguishing Supervisor's Handbook", V.P. Ivannikov, P.P. Klyus.Design features
According to the chassis design AL-30(131)L21 is of the same type as the base car and is a three-axle front-engine all-wheel drive car with steered front axle wheels and closely spaced rear axles. The supporting system is a ladder-type spar frame. Engine - four-stroke, gasoline, carburetor, liquid cooling, eight-cylinder, V-shaped, model ZIL-131, rated power 110 kW at 3200 rpm. crankshaft per minute. The engine air filter is oil foam, three-stage. Transmission - mechanical, through-type, with a dry single-plate clutch, a 5 + 1 gearbox, a two-stage transfer case, which ensures automatic connection of the front axle when engaging a lower gear and its automatic disengagement when switching to direct gear (when driving in direct gear in the transfer case forced engagement of the front axle is possible). Front axle CV joints are ball type.The front axle wheel suspension is dependent, on two longitudinal semi-elliptic leaf springs, with double-acting telescopic hydraulic shock absorbers. The rear axle wheel suspension is spring-balancer.
Steering mechanism - screw, ball nut, gear sector, with hydraulic booster. The service brake system is pneumatically driven and has drum brakes on all wheels. The parking brake system is mechanically driven and has a drum transmission brake mechanism.
The cabin is all-metal, three-seater. The tail is all-metal, with an alligator-type hood.
When transferring the ladder from the transport to the working position, the car is hung on retractable side supports.
