There is an opinion that the ever-expanding range of finishing materials should gradually displace and eliminate outdated options, but in reality this is not what happens. Traditional solutions are modified under the influence of modern requirements and appear before customers in a completely different light. The most significant example is wood. Well, it would seem that the material is familiar, but over time it not only did not lose, but also strengthened its position.

Today, interior decoration using wood is considered an extremely stylish design option, since wood is not only an aesthetic, but also an environmentally friendly material. Some people mistakenly believe that the only affordable option– wall decoration with clapboard. Actually exists a large number of alternative paths, which will be discussed below.


As of today construction market a large number of boards are offered different types: façade, deck, . The last option is the most popular. The demand is due to several reasons.

Material advantages

  1. Quite easy to manufacture, since a variety of materials are used for production various breeds wood: from ash, maple, beech, larch to sweet cherry, cherry and pear.
  2. A wide range of shades allows you to choose the right option for each interior. You can buy wood light shade, and you can find material of a deep dark color.
  3. Each of the mentioned types of wood belongs to high-quality species and has excellent performance characteristics.
  4. Parquet boards as a finishing material for walls look good in the interior.
  5. The affordability of parquet boards allows you to decorate a large room without significant financial costs.
  6. Additionally, you can “decorate” the wood using special stains and wax impregnations. They will not only extend the service life of the material, but also change the better side appearance.

Prices for different types of parquet boards

Parquet board


Proper covering of the surface with solid wood boards allows you to get a spectacular interior that will be the envy of all your friends. The use of special impregnations based on wax and oils gives the boards a velvet-like appearance. In addition, these products allow you to create a film on the surface of the boards that repels water, which prevents the development of fungus and mold.


Some apartment owners strive to make their homes original and even extravagant in some ways. So if you are tired of boring solutions, then pay attention to the block house, that is, a board whose cross-section imitates the rounded log known to everyone from village landscapes. Using this material you can achieve a real “rural” interior in your home.

To make the design look even more impressive, it is recommended to resort to a method such as artificial “aging” of the wood. For this, the method most often used is “brushing”, that is, processing the material with a wire brush. During the processing of wood, fibers are removed from it, which creates an interesting relief. After this, the material is painted and, without allowing the paint to dry, it is removed.



Tools:

  • a simple pencil;
  • ruler;
  • silicone;
  • screwdriver;
  • screws;
  • glue;
  • block for tamping laminate;
  • jigsaw;
  • hammer;
  • moldings;
  • thresholds.

Laminate with glue


This method seems to be the simplest and does not require additional skills. To make your task easier, it is recommended to assemble the shields from purchased panels in advance. You should thickly coat the “sides” of the panels with glue and glue the elements together so that you get full-fledged shields. These are the ones we have to fix on the surface of the wall. It is important that it is prepared in advance. It will not be superfluous to carry out markings.


The only thing to remember for a successful result: work should start from the lower left corner. In this case, it is recommended to remove the platbands, which are then installed in the old place.

Laminate on sheathing


Stage 1. We take the necessary measurements, calculate the amount of laminate, as well as the number of moldings and other parts that will be needed for fastening.

Stage 2. Using a ruler and pencil, apply markings to the surface of the wall.

Stage 3. Remove platbands from doors and windows.

Stage 4. We install the sheathing, that is, the frame. This is done quite simply - take wooden blocks and fasten them perpendicular to the floor, but parallel to each other at a distance of 40 cm.

Stage 5. We begin to install the material, as already indicated above, from the lower corner of the left side of the room.

Stage 6. Cut the wood in the corners using a hacksaw or electric jigsaw
Stage 7. Arrange the planks in a checkerboard pattern.

Stage 8. Treat the joints with silicone.

Stage 9. Latch the locks.

The technology of laying it on the wall is really very simple and will not cause any difficulties.


Prices for different types of laminate


Wood wallpaper is an alternative to real wood finishes. A paper base is used as a base, and a special wood veneer is applied to it. The material is sold in rolls.

The cost depends on many factors, but the main criterion is the price of raw materials.


The process of applying wooden wallpaper to the wall surface is not much different from the technology of applying conventional wallpaper. The only difference is the result, as we end up with a wall that looks like it was made of wood.


One of the most unusual and popular options Interior design today is considered to be saw-cut finishing. A transverse section of a trunk of small thickness is used as the main decorative element. This finishing method is so popular that by now manufacturers have already begun to produce wallpaper and tiles that imitate this pattern. Decorating the log walls in a room is very simple.


First of all, you need to decide how much area you want to occupy with cross sections. Experts do not recommend overdoing it, since an unusual type of decoration on a large scale can only spoil the interior. The best option– one wall, preferably the one located at the head of the bed.

It is necessary to paint it in a calm color, and then apply logs using special high-quality glue. They can be attached close to each other or you can come up with an interesting fragmentary pattern. It all depends on the imagination of the performer.


The most popular type of wall surface finishing using panels is considered to be a herringbone pattern. To implement it, you will need tools such as a protractor, a hacksaw, adhesive tape (double-sided), casing and a pencil.

The finishing process consists of several key stages:

  • calculation;
  • marking;
  • cutting planks;
  • fastening.

Let's look at each of them in more detail.

Step 1. Draw up a diagram of what it should look like on a piece of paper. finished wall. It is very important to pay attention to the accuracy of measurements. This is an extremely important stage, so you should not approach it carelessly.

Step 2. Using a simple pencil, draw a straight vertical line clearly in the middle of the wall. It will serve as a boundary for correct installation panels.


Step 3. Prepare the panels. This means we take them and cut them at a 90 degree angle so that one edge is slanted. One half of the boards should be cut from the right corner, the other from the left.


Step 4. Take double-sided adhesive tape and attach it to the panels. It is important that each strip has three longitudinal strips of tape.

Step 5. First of all, we attach the middle elements. An assistant will be needed for this. We apply the planks at oblique angles, focusing on the drawn line. It is important to ensure that there are no gaps between them.

Step 6. Fix the panels on the wall. To do this, remove from the elements protective film and press the planks tightly to the surface.

Step 7


This option is most often used for bedrooms, but you can try it in the kitchen as an experiment. Don't be afraid to trust your taste and realize your fantasies. In addition, wood is a material that makes it easy to realize creative ideas.

Prices for popular finishing wall panels

Wall panels

Video - DIY tree on the wall

Video - Wall decoration with wood: a variety of options

Natural wood has a number of advantages:

  • thermal insulation;
  • environmental friendliness;
  • practicality;
  • combination with all colors, textures and other finishing materials.

Wood in the interior goes well with stone, brick, leather, and plaster. Mirrors are acceptable, but metal inserts are undesirable.

Walls

Expensive wood on the wall in the interior is not afraid of humidity and looks luxurious, in addition, an array of species always fills the room with a pleasant aroma. Wooden panels are treated with varnish, wax and oil stains for longer service life.

More economical option finishing using lining and laminate. The panels can cover the entire wall or one wall, and can be used as decorative inserts near window sills, a TV, or a bed.

The photo shows a living room in natural shades with wood trim floor, which smoothly transitions into the wall decoration. White color makes the interior lighter, and the wood texture adds coziness.

Placing boards horizontally on the wall (as in the photo) will make the room wider, and vertically placing them taller.

Floor

Wooden flooring is a time-tested covering that can be made of solid wood, parquet boards, cork or laminate.

Pictured in the bedroom diagonal laying laminate will help expand the space.

Wood color: red, white, gray

Wood can be not only brown and beige, but also other colors. Boards, parquet and laminate are presented in different shades, which can be used to create a certain style in a residential or office space.

  • Mahogany in the interior is suitable for creating a luxurious Empire style in the living room. Furniture can have patterns and curves, and textured walls and carpeted floors will create an atmosphere of comfort and wealth. Combines with brick color (sets off wood, but does not stand out against its background), as well as with pistachio in small quantities.

  • White wood in the interior creates space and a feeling of cleanliness. Most often found in modern style and minimalism. The white floor emphasizes the brightness of the walls, wooden ceiling makes the room longer, white furniture is suitable for the bedroom, dining room, less often living room and kitchen.

  • Gray wood in the interior is calming and evokes a feeling of coolness. Gray laminate is well suited for the floor in the bedroom and living room. Depending on the pattern, such a floor resembles aged wood and is appropriate for retro and country. Suitable for rooms with two contrasting colors. Wenge furniture and other cool shades go well with gray finishes in a modern interior.

Combination with stone and brick

Combination with different materials in the interior: glass, stone, plastic, gives a different end result, but what is constant is that wood is a universal and popular finish.

  • Stone and wood in the interior as two natural material complement each other. Warm and soft wood with strong stone are indispensable for creating eco, Provence and country style. Pebble mosaics and plank floors, decorative stone fragments, parquet boards and beams combine perfectly and are suitable for any interior.

In the photo, a wooden wall and a wild stone fireplace are reminiscent of the origins and fill the room with coziness.

  • Brick and wood in the interior or imitation brickwork Suitable for corridor, living room, stairs. Brick can be bleached, aged, plain or of different sizes; such variations create a different image of the room. The use of wood in an interior with brick is necessary to create unusual design country house: wooden frames and redwood doors, stairs, partitions and floors combined with antique chests of drawers.

Wood in the kitchen interior

In the interior of the kitchen it is appropriate in the form of furniture, an accent wall in the dining area.

  • It is better to choose tiles or linoleum as a floor covering.
  • Wooden dishes will create coziness and are suitable for Provence, country, and rustic styles.
  • Light ergonomic furniture, glossy surfaces and mirror inserts are suitable for a small room.
  • Beam the ceiling will do to create a rustic style.
  • Deep dark shades are appropriate in a kitchen with a large window and wide space.

Furniture in neutral natural colors goes well with bright colors countertops, refrigerator, etc. For example, the color combination of wood and greenery looks natural and appropriate in a kitchen of any size.

In the photo, the kitchen is enlarged by combining it with a balcony and choosing the right colors. A wooden table and light laminate go well with white furniture. An eco wall made of boards and grass is the object of attention for all guests.

Living room decoration

Wood in the living room interior always looks very impressive and is appropriate in almost any design. If this Scandinavian style, then the use of light breeds emphasizes the connection with nature, wooden furniture pastel shades are suitable for Provence. Small and simple wooden details are appropriate in minimalism and hi-tech.

In the photo, an unusual shelf imitating a branch creates modern style living room in neutral natural shades.

The photo shows the interior of the living room in classic style, wooden panels with carvings and parquet with a small carpet are suitable for finishing.

Stumps and large saw cuts in the interior of the living room can play a role coffee table and become the main focus of the guests' attention. You can make an accent wall near the TV from saw cuts and pebbles; from processed sticks and branches you can make a cornice, lamp and other accessories.

The photo shows a wall made of saw cuts in the living room. Natural wood promotes relaxation; in addition, it smells pleasant and retains the aroma of essential oils for a long time.

Using wood in the bedroom

For the bedroom, it is better to choose light-colored wood and cover it with matte varnish to emphasize the naturalness of the wood.

You can choose paint and highlight the texture, or apply it in 3 layers and cover the natural color. It is better to give preference to natural shades of beige, pistachio, mustard, and wood. But if the wood species is dark, then there is no need to paint it in light colors.

You can cover all or just one wall, floor and ceiling with wood. How much wood there can be within a bedroom depends on the size of the room and the requirements of its style.

In the photo, a simple mattress on pallets and a headboard made from saw cuts looks unusual in modern apartment. Such simplicity is combined with environmental friendliness and style at the same time.

Central lighting is acceptable, but it is better to diffuse it using several light sources. Cloth, linen, calico and knitted blankets go well with wood in the interior of the house.

The combination of eco style and hi-tech gives rise to attractive eclecticism. In the photo, birch trunks serve as a spectacular accent. It is important to remember that natural wood should be treated with oils and varnish to avoid mold.

Tree in the nursery

This material in the interior of a nursery is most appropriate from an environmental point of view. It is advisable to use wood both for decoration and decoration. If the walls do not necessarily have to be wooden, then the floor and furniture simply need to be selected from wood materials.

A light laminate floor will be decorated with a homemade drawn carpet; to develop the child’s mobility, you can hang a hammock and a rope ladder. For an unusual look, you can use branches in the interior to create small compositions, an organizer for jewelry, photos and notes; they can also be used to decorate wall shelves.

In the photo, the light wood in the children's interior goes well with light Roman blinds; its color can be easily changed with paint, or refreshed with varnish.

Light colors, delicate textiles, bright toys and dark floors are suitable for decorating a nursery for both girls and boys.

Bathroom decoration

Wood in the bathroom interior creates the feeling of a sauna or Russian bath. Wooden walls and stone floors, or vice versa, create a unique design. To finish the bathroom, you need to select moisture-resistant species (Brazil walnut or bamboo, as in the photo below).

The photo shows a bathroom with massive doors and hanging chains. A tree that has been cut down long ago is suitable as a material for such a table.

For a bathroom in an apartment, you can use wood-look tiles, wooden accessories and inserts.

Photo gallery

Below are photo examples of the use of wood in decorating rooms for various functional purposes.

Modern interiors amaze with their diversity and unusualness. Every day designers come up with new and new “tricks” and subtleties. One of them is decorating the room with old boards. This technique makes the interior more comfortable, mysterious, and unique. The cracks, chips, and traces of nails on them amaze the imagination and stimulate one to solve the riddle: who and where did this person serve before? construction material, how old is he. Old boards in the interior will ideally complement such styles as country, shabby chic, loft.

Currently, it is fashionable to introduce wood into the interior of a room. It fits well when decorating houses, apartments, offices of reputable companies, and restaurants. Old boards are valued among experienced designers; with their help, you can create several interior options, especially since in the 21st century everything antique, rare, and exclusive is valued.

Every owner wants his home to be different from others, looking for his own style, interesting options decor. Moreover, they began to decorate homes with wood many centuries ago. With his help, the atmosphere was cozy and warm.

New wooden house always had a delightful aroma of fresh wood and resin. But it became truly lived-in and family-friendly after a few years, when the room acquired its own special smell, the wood was painted several times, and had chips and cracks. Returning to such a house, the individual was always immersed in pleasant memories filled with the smell of pies, warmth and comfort. Even the creaking of the floorboards is pleasant to the ear.

Option for using old boards in the interior

Room design with old boards

It is always sad to demolish the houses of grandparents, since modern plastic, glass, metal, concrete can never replace wood. Modern glamor is undoubtedly beautiful and luxurious, but emotionally empty. Therefore, at the end of the 20th century, eco-style and vintage became popular.

Due to the presence of this material in modern interior The “soul”, the harmonious existence of man and nature, began to appear.

Most people, having built their house from scratch, try to make it a family nest, where everything is individual and unique.

Beautiful design with old boards

Modern room interior with old boards

Looking at a wall assembled from old boards, questions involuntarily arise about their past life where the cracks appeared on them. Maybe they were dried out by the sun or cracked by sea water, or maybe. They were simply attacked by a common bark beetle. There are no answers to all these questions, all that remains is to fantasize. New owners always try to treat them more carefully than in their previous life.

Option for using old boards in the interior

Room design with old boards

Old boards in the interior of the apartment

Application options

Old boards are very relevant for creating interiors for modern designers. Application options are numerous:

  • Decorating an entire wall.
  • Decorating part of the wall as bright accent or functional area.

Both of the above options combine 2 functions: they are an element of decoration and fully replace such Decoration Materials like wallpaper, plaster, paint. But for everything to work out organically, you need to very carefully select a combination of tones and shades.

Beautiful design with old boards

Modern room interior with old boards

  • Full or partial flooring.
  • Podium selection.
  • Furniture elements made from old boards: door, bar counter, partition.
  • Furniture accessories: shelf, table, stool, panel, photo frame.

Interior items created from boards of different shades and sizes look beautiful and unusual.

Option for using old boards in the interior

Room design with old boards

Old boards in the interior of the apartment

Although old wood is very valuable, not every tree is valuable. It is not enough to tear down a long-built fence in a country house and sell the material as unique.

  1. Old boards in the interior are good, but in reasonable quantities. Finishes or objects should not attract unnecessary attention. Wood should not be conspicuous; it is necessary to create a certain style, fitting organically into it. When designing, you need to pay special attention to the thickness, size, shade, and possible pattern of the working material.
  2. Experienced designers do not recommend decorating the entire perimeter of the room with wood. It is better to choose 1-2 large elements, then add finished interior accessories. This could be the frame of a massive mirror, a wardrobe, a table, or a headboard. If you overdo it, then when examining the room you will get the impression of a cluttered corner.
  3. To prevent the design from becoming too gloomy, during the renovation process you can use good textiles and some modern finishing materials.
  4. A brick wall will look great against the background of antique surfaces.

Beautiful design with old boards

Modern room interior with old boards

Each room has its own board

Living room

This is exactly the room where a whole wall made of old boards would fit perfectly. Its understated beauty, scuffs and cracks will be a great addition to modern furniture and accessories. You can also make the floor out of wood and decorate it with a Persian rug. Every living room should have a large mirror. It is ideally complemented by a massive frame made of aged material.

When decorating a bedroom, everything is much simpler. You can make the headboard “old” sleeping place, dressing table, place several on the walls or ceiling decorative beams. If you don’t skimp on lighting fixtures, buy good ones ceiling lamps, their light will highlight all the scuffs and cracks.

Traditionally, cabinet fronts, chairs, and stools are made from aged specimens.

A place where a board in the interior will only inspire, put the owner in a working mood, and in the evening relax, immerse in an atmosphere of reflection.

Option for using old boards in the interior

Room design with old boards

Old boards in the interior of the apartment

How to get special finishing material

It can be found almost everywhere. From most individuals you can take it at your dacha, in country house. If suitable options no, you can purchase it at specialized construction stores. All old boards come from Europe, so you need to be prepared for the price to be quite high. There are also advantages to the purchase: 100% quality guarantee, the material has passed all stages of preparation, and is absolutely safe. You can also age the surface yourself, but this requires special tools and working material.

Beautiful design with old boards

Modern room interior with old boards

Old boards in the interior are becoming more popular every day because of their versatility. They fit organically into any style, emphasizing it favorably. Additionally, its advantages include environmental friendliness and a unique feeling of relaxation and tranquility.

Video: Panels from old boards

50 photos of ideas for using old boards in the interior:

Wood is such a classic material that it seems there are no new ones anymore. interesting ways its use in the interior. Unless this is something out of the ordinary and violates all the laws of decor and design.

This post challenges this statement. We will tell you about 11 bedrooms, in the interior of which a wooden wall is used as an accent. At the same time, the individuality and character of the room is preserved. Let's get started!

This interior covers a whole group of natural wood tones. Shades alternate from chocolate to honey.

The contrast created wooden wall, and the vertical alignment directs the eye to the ornate headboard.

Geometric wall prints are a fundamental counterpoint to wood cladding, creating a striking effect.

The floor covering can easily “take the blanket over itself” and the wooden wall will no longer look so impressive.

To prevent this from happening, in this interior it ( flooring) specially made in desaturated colors.

Thin vertical panels are another way to highlight textural personality. wooden covering. This type of room design will always be beautiful.

Accent lighting draws attention to the “depth” of the wall. Also pay attention to the interior window to the left of the wall.

Glossy wooden walls are not a common option. Why do you think?

The white cabinet continues and develops the “glossy theme”. Polished wood goes well with matte surfaces.

Cool alarm clock in the style of a director's clapperboard.

Behind the head of the bed there is a large spacious wardrobe.

A table made of light wood and a chair made of dark wood perfectly complement the wall panel.

A comfortable chair, a nice glossy table and a floor lamp are an ideal place for reading with tea and cookies, almost like the Open Book chair from the design studio TILT Design Studio, which we talked about earlier.

Developing an original interior design using traditional materials requires remarkable creativity.

The wall behind the head of the bed is a good candidate for interior experiments. These vertical panels go great with horizontal stripes on the headboard.

Notice the mixture of colors on the ceiling of the room: black, gold, dark brown, reddish brown and many others complement each other perfectly.

The bed and carpet, made in gray tones, are associated with an oasis in the middle of a beautiful “yellow-brown desert”.

Did you think previous bedrooms brought out the textural beauty of wood? What can you say about this interior?

Two bedside tables literally float in the air. An interesting concept that will probably require additional costs when developing the interior and its implementation, but the result, as you can see, is worth it.

This bedroom is clear example choosing the correct color proportion. In this interior, a wooden wall created the necessary contrast and helped highlight the beauty of shades of gray.

Live in a hot climate? Cool tones are exactly what you need.

Large wood panels framed with thick borders draw the eye to the headboard.


Here it’s quite the opposite - frames with thin edges-borders.

Install wooden boards diagonally is much more difficult than vertically or horizontally, but the result is more “dynamic”.

It's as if the whole room is tilted and moving somewhere.

And finally, an interesting mixture of horizontal and vertical panels.

Do you like this approach to decorating a bedroom? What do you think about using accents? wooden walls? Share your opinion in the comments, I would like to discuss this topic.

If you liked the post, let us know by sharing it on social media. networks.

IN modern realities design, unexpected, bold and unusual experiments are possible. There are no rules or restrictions in this direction, and therefore the practice of installing parquet boards on the walls of various rooms arose.

Parquet on the wall

The parquet board on the wall is now not wildness or stupidity, but original design solution. This phenomenon is becoming more and more widespread because it has a number of its own characteristics. The main thing in this matter is not to overdo it, forgetting about tastes, styles, proportions and combinations.

Interior ideas

As wall covering parquet makes it possible to solve several problems simultaneously:

  1. Create a harmonious and unique interior.
  2. Get a practical, durable and aesthetic coating.
  3. Visually transform the dimensions and configuration of the room.
  4. Visually zone areas of the room.

Features of the material indoors

One of the main features of parquet boards is that they are made from natural wood. Thanks to this, the material looks respectable and solid. Polymer laminate is also used to decorate walls, which is also widely used.

Wall decoration with parquet boards: design options in the apartment


Design options for wall decoration parquet board there are several:

  • Across the wall;
  • Along;
  • In a diagonal direction;
  • Over the entire surface of the wall;
  • On a separate site;
  • Arbitrarily.

Depending on the style of the room, the choice of parquet design may vary, which will merge into a single image with the rest of the room or emphasize its individual parts.

Sheathing on plasterboard walls

In the case where the walls were lined with plasterboard as part of a previous or current renovation, this only plays into the hands and also makes the work easier home handyman. You will need to make a sheathing of wooden slats 20x20 mm, with a distance between the slats of thirty to forty centimeters.

The sheathing under the sheets must be installed level, and therefore it is recommended to use a building level.


The orientation of the parquet and sheathing slats is directed in different directions, that is, they must be perpendicular to each other. If the tiles are placed diagonally, the slats will go in the same direction, but they must be perpendicular to the floorboards.

If only the lower section of the wall is sheathed, then work also begins from below. But if the entire wall is to be sheathed, then the first tile is laid in the upper part. Then the movement is from left to right. In this situation, the same rules for laying parquet as on the floor apply - there is a need to provide a technological gap between the walls and the edge of the parquet.

The dies are attached using parquet glue or by driving staples into the corresponding locking joints. If glue is used, it is applied not only to the wall, but also to the back of the dies, using zigzag movements.

As the final stage, the installation of skirting boards and corners is carried out. Thanks to them, technical gaps left in advance are closed, as well as joints with the floor and ceiling.

How to mount on concrete or brick walls


The process of installing concrete or brick walls will be no different from a wall made of plasterboard or chipboard. The main requirement is that the wall must be smooth and free from flaws, defects, and damage.

If it is necessary to mount heavy objects on the wall, a concrete wall partially wins among other options. The most powerful fasteners can be driven into concrete wall, which can withstand heavy loads. For other situations, you will need an individual approach when choosing the type of fasteners and the method of their location.

Design variations in the bedroom and nursery

In the bedroom and children's room it is better to use parquet panels from the category of dark and restrained shades. For a bedroom, finishing materials on the entire wall is more suitable, since in this room there are unlikely to be areas or elements that need highlighting. But in a children's room, it would be appropriate to use selection or zoning. This can be useful if two children live in the same room.

Examples in the kitchen and living room


With the right selection of materials for wall decoration, you can achieve significant design success. The result also depends on the choice of textiles, furniture, color range and some other factors that are taken into account when decorating a kitchen or living room.

In these rooms, variations in the laying of parquet are of considerable importance. Depending on the expected effect, you can use one of the main options:

  1. The horizontal arrangement of the panels makes it possible to visually expand the room, which can be important for a kitchen, which is usually small.
  2. Vertical installation visually increases the height of the ceilings. This trick is best applied to the living room to achieve incredible design solutions.
  3. Diagonal cladding is a universal option that makes it possible to blur the volume and boundaries of the room.

Care

When during installation or operation the coating has become minor damage, they can be eliminated using putty or special wax.


Parquet panels are cared for using specialized care products. Follow the correct humidity and temperature ranges as specified by the manufacturer.

Using parquet as a wall covering is an unusual, but original and practical solution. This is an easy-to-install and maintain material that is suitable for a wide range of users.

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