A jack is used to lift a car to repair or replace a wheel. They are different designs. The most common are mechanical and hydraulic. In this article we will consider in detail the principle of operation and design of a hydraulic jack, as well as various design options.
Working principle of a hydraulic jack
This device is simple and reliable.
If you follow the storage and operating conditions, it will serve you for a very long time.
A jack is used to lift a car
A hydraulic jack works according to the following principle, which allows you to lift a car weighing several tons, and sometimes several tens of tons.
The device is not complicated - it is two communicating vessels different diameters filled with liquid and several valves. As you can see, everything is quite simple and if all the parts are made of high quality from durable materials, then there is nothing to break.
Only rubber piston seals and cylinder seals are subject to wear.
The working cylinder, the rod of which lifts the car, large diameter, but the main cylinder has a diameter several times smaller.
This is the principle of operation of the entire device. The master cylinder is driven by a lever, oil through check valve hits the slave cylinder and lifts it. Reinforcement is created due to the difference in cross-sectional areas of the cylinders.
Do-it-yourself rolling garage jack | Blueprints
The full stroke of the main one ensures a slight movement of the second one. The difference in stroke between two cylinders is proportional to the difference in their diameters. Thanks to this, a person, without making any serious effort, can lift five, ten, or several tens of tons.
A check valve is used to prevent oil from flowing back into the reservoir. Liquid can only flow through this valve in one direction.
There is another valve that opens manually; it is necessary to allow the fluid to flow back and lower the raised car to its original state.
The principle of operation and its structure are shown in the diagram.
Hydraulic jack design
Two types are used for lifting cars: bottle and rolling.
Bottle Type Hydraulic Jack
So, a bottle-type hydraulic jack.
It consists of a vertical body of large diameter and an adjacent small cylinder, the rod of which is fitted with a removable lever. The body is mounted on a support platform; it often has a screw extension in the rod, which is necessary in order to increase the lifting height. The two cylinders are connected to each other through a check valve.
The housing has a reservoir to store extra oil and a bypass valve to lower the hydraulic bottle jack rod.
All parts must be made of durable alloys, so they experience significant loads and are protected from corrosion.
The design of another type, the rolling hydraulic jack, differs only in the location of the cylinders and the presence of a large platform on rollers.
Lifting the car using a hydraulic rolling device is carried out not by the rod itself, but by a lever connected to it. A metal coin is installed on this lever.
The rolling structure is more stable than the bottle structure and the likelihood that the raised car will shift and fall off the support is much less.
Despite this, safety precautions must always be followed during operation. Be sure to secure the vehicle using the parking brake, the transmission in gear, and placing wheel chocks.
When working under a raised vehicle, always install a safety stand. These measures will help protect the safety of the working person. Detailed design you can see in the drawing.
Rolling hydraulic jack
Jack maintenance and repair
Most frequent malfunction is the flow of working fluid through seals and seals.
It is necessary to accurately determine the location of the leak and repair it. Only special oil-resistant seals and gaskets should be used. Valve failure may be due to clogged or broken springs.
It is necessary to disassemble, clean and replace faulty parts.
But they need to be stored only in their original state, so that the rod is completely hidden in the body, this will protect it from corrosion. In addition, the bottle type must be stored vertically to prevent the working fluid from leaking out. Once every few years the working fluid needs to be replaced. This is a simple procedure. There is a filling hole on the body, closed with a screw cap.
Through this hole, the oil is drained and filled with new oil. After this, it is necessary, without load, to completely raise and lower the rod several times. This will release any air that may have entered the system.
This is a reliable device that allows you to lift loads of several tens of tons.
It is not complicated. In terms of lifting capacity, hydraulics are significantly ahead of other types of designs. But, unfortunately, there are also disadvantages:
- Heavy weight, really heavy, several times heavier than mechanical competitors.
- Special storage conditions to preserve the working fluid and the risk of corrosion of working elements. This is especially true for bottle-type jacks.
- impossibility of use at low temperatures.
Hydraulic fluid thickens at temperatures below -25 degrees, the elasticity of seals is lost, and the risk of failure increases.
After analyzing the advantages and disadvantages various designs we can come to the following conclusion.
For use with a passenger car weighing up to two tons for necessary road repairs (changing a wheel), a compact mechanical jack is sufficient. But to lift a large and heavy machine, it is better to consider using hydraulics.
Picture 4 from the presentation “Tools in the Garage”
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DIY rolling jack
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Nice holiday cards and for every day
Technique: Quilling 1.
If you want a beautiful and "real" flower, you need to make the same flowers.
Of course, it is better to use a ruler with circles. If you additionally make a decorative braid, it must be wiped until each edge is covered.
Get some paper tape, a ruler, and a rolling and rolling tool.
Rollins are shaped like a flower petal.
fourth
If you need decorative embroidery.
Among the flowers.
Collect a flower. In beautiful flowers, all the flower petals are the same. I use this template to edit flower petals properly.
Of course, there are special rulers that are sold in the store and are certainly very convenient, etc.
But the frog strangled me, and I wanted to keep the flower together. So I drew the diagram myself. But the flowers come with different flower petals, and then they come to me too lazy, but not to draw the same for all options by hand.
So I made suggestions on my computer.
I work with these patterns and secrets.
The numbers indicate the number of petals in the flower. It should be noted that pattern 12 is very useful as it contains a pattern for the colors 3, 4, 6 and 12 roosters!!!
fourteenth
fifteenth
sixteenth
seventeenth
eighteenth
So print out the template and pick up the flower on the template.
If the core is above the petals, then we are only resting on the flower petals. Stretch the glue only at the ends of the petals, and it is advisable to leave the flower on the template until the glue dries completely!
nineteenth
twentieth
And then we glue the core together.
twenty first
twenty second
For a voluminous flower you also need to make a sepal.
twenty third
And then attach it to the stem (I do this with glue).
twenty-fourth
And insert a flower.
twenty fifth
If the core is at petal level, place it in the middle and then crush the flowers. And if the flower petals don't stick to each other, they lift the glue flower onto each leaf to the center.
Jack jack connector
twenty-sixth
The result is a fairly durable flower and can be used for both bulk and chests.
twenty seventh
Also with the help of the template it is suitable for blooming flowers with several levels:
Fill 6 petals with a core, make two empty ropes and connect them to each other using the templates for 12 petals and in addition you can place needle flowers.
twenty-eighth
twenty-ninth
I put foam under the template.
thirties
thirty first
In a handmade vase with flowers (http://stranamasterov.ru/node/18967) I made all the flowers using the template for 10 and 6 petals:
thirty second
If the flower is well attached to the paper, in this case the template should be placed under the sheet and illuminated with a lamp under these sheets. You can also use glass and window (damage should only be vertical).
You can use these patterns not only to create flowers, but also to link mandalas, wreaths, snowflakes, etc.
Hope this is all helpful! If anyone needs templates written in higher resolution, write to me and send them with pleasure (the quality of the proposals has been reduced due to the site rules).
I wish you all creative success!!!
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A hydraulic jack is a stationary, portable, mobile mechanical device for lifting any object, located underneath it, which allows you to do without auxiliary structures or hoists. The mechanism works on mineral oil, which, by moving the differential piston of the pump, lifts the load. It is a means of mechanizing work in various sectors of the national economy.
The hydraulic jack is distinguished by the ability to lift a large mass of cargo (from two to two hundred tons), with little effort when working with it, high coefficient useful action, smooth lifting, structural strength.
The disadvantages of powerful mechanisms are their large mass, the initial distance from the parking level of the lifted load, the slow single movement of the piston, and high cost.
Types of jacks
Available in various modifications: bottle, rolling, diamond, two-level, low-hook hook. They differ in design and type of drive.
The bottle jack is used in various areas of the economy; it is distinguished by its simple design and convenient operation. Used for lifting and lowering special equipment, passenger cars, and trucks. During construction, it is possible to lift a building with its help. The main condition is that the weight of the load being lifted must correspond to the lifting capacity of the mechanism specified in the instructions.
The rolling jack works on the bottle jack principle.
The supporting area is placed on a lever, which is raised by the working piston. The lifting height allows you to lift a car of any brand weighing up to three tons.
It has varieties: scissor, with a two-piston cylindrical displacer, elongated.
Jack device
The main parts of a mechanism capable of raising and lowering a load are: a lever - a crossbar rotating around an axis, a plunger - a hollow cylindrical rod.
Valves are shut-off and control valves for passing, shutting off, and regulating the flow of hydraulic oil.
Oil storage, reciprocating movement mechanism inside the cylinder.
When the pump operates, hydraulic fluid fills the base of the cylinder and lifts the cylindrical part upward. As a result, the load rises. A device designed to maintain pressure at the required level consists of suction and discharge valves.
The suction prevents the oil from returning from the cylinder to the reservoir, the discharge prevents it from leaving it. By unscrewing the screw, the pressure decreases and the load falls into place.
Hydraulic oil has the property of non-compression, which affects the uniformity of raising, lowering, and securing an object at the desired height.
Simultaneously, lifting mechanisms They have low operating speed and are difficult to store and move.
Vertical, to prevent oil leakage, are transported while standing. They require regular monitoring of the oil level, condition of seals, valves (no hydraulic oil leakage).
A hydraulic jack is used in everyday life for all kinds of work when it is necessary to lift a load.
The most common use in the prevention and repair of automotive equipment.
Items Maintenance in most cases they are equipped with rolling jacks. Often used during construction and installation work, laying gas and oil pipelines, an indispensable assistant during rescue operations. Universal mechanism, can be used in any life situations when lifting the load is necessary.
Drawing of a screw jack with your own hands
Having a drawing at hand - a screw jack, we make it with our own hands from equal-flange bent steel channels GOST 8278-83.
The types of sizes of the used assortment are highlighted in blue rectangles in the figure.
The screw jack consists of the following parts:
Base
Lower shoulder
Upper shoulder
Emphasis
Screw mechanism
BASE
We will make it from assortment with a cross-sectional area of 2.63 (cm²).
We drill four through holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pin. When drilling, strictly maintain the center distance between them. If necessary, the base can be attached to a wider removable platform.
LOWER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range of sections with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the base.
UPPER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 2.28 (cm²) by analogy with the lower arm.
UPOR
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the upper arm.
We attach a rubber gasket on top.
SCREW MECHANISM
Shaft - screw.
Reliable homemade jack
Let's make it from a metal rod with a diameter of twelve millimeters. On one side there is an M12 thread, on the other there is a retainer, which is attached to the shaft using a cotter pin through a through hole on the shaft.
The axis is the stop. Relative to which the rotation of the lower and upper shoulders occurs.
The axles on both sides are pins with cylindrical flat heads, which are attached to the axle using cotter pins.
A through hole with a diameter of ten millimeters is drilled in one stop, and an M12 internal thread is cut in the other.
3. Latch. Fixes the shaft on the side of its rotation and provides the ability to transmit torque to the shaft.
Performance characteristics of a self-made screw jack:
Hmin = 65 (mm)
Hmax = 312 (mm)
Pmax = 2000 (kg)
A jack is a device that should be located both in the trunk of a car and in the car enthusiast’s garage. In this case, it is better to choose a more massive second option with universal functionality and a high load capacity. These characteristics are 100% consistent with your own hands, which is not difficult to do.
Characteristics of the pneumatic device
There are three main criteria by which a homemade inflatable jack is evaluated:
- Load capacity indicator. To ensure safe operation, this value must exceed the weight vehicle. For a passenger car, characteristics of about two tons will be sufficient; servicing heavier vehicles requires a carrying capacity of at least 2.5 tons.
- Pickup height. This aspect plays an important role if the car has low ground clearance. The optimal indicator is a value of at least 100 mm.
- Lift level. A homemade pneumatic jack has a height of no more than 500 mm. This reserve is quite enough for changing wheels and some other work; a rigging unit with a connection to a compressor allows you to raise the car up to 70-80 cm.
Definitely, when choosing a jack and its manufacture, first of all you need to focus on your car, the conditions of its operation and storage.
How to make a jack yourself?
To build a jack with your own hands, you will not need much material and effort. You need to select the following details:
- a used truck cushion;
- suitable bolt;
- ball element;
- VAZ wheel clamp;
- union;
- The main tool is a drill.
The structure is assembled from the presented elements. A bolt is screwed into the hole of the pillow. First you need to make a socket in it for the fitting from the camera.
A wheel bolt from a VAZ is used as a valve, in which a hole is drilled. At the next stage, the existing elements are connected after a ball is installed in the hole, which will serve for air intake.
Peculiarities
For the practical implementation of this device, a special pump is required. An inflatable jack is installed under the bottom of the vehicle. To be on the safe side, it is advisable to use wooden stand, which will interact directly with the machine.
This mechanism has one significant drawback. Since the cargo cushion is quite large, a low-slung vehicle will have to be first raised to install the device in question. If you attach a cart with wheels to the bottom of such units, you will get homemade ones for cars.
Comparative characteristics
The pneumatic version lifts the load due to the compression force of the air mass. Such modifications work by connecting to additional equipment or from car exhaust. The air mass enters the chamber. Thanks to compression and increase in volume, the car rises. The advantage of the models is that there is no need to special effort, and if you have a compressor unit, the process takes a matter of seconds.
A mechanical jack for a car involves putting it into operation by rotating or twisting a special handle. Such modifications have a low price and compact size.
The principle of hydraulics is similar to the mechanical version. The difference lies in the simplification of the process of pumping out the working part of the jack, due to the presence of liquid in working system. Such modifications have a long service life.
A mechanical jack with an electric drive operates from mains power; all the main work of the device is carried out by electricity. The advantages of the device are undeniable, but it requires connecting it to an outlet.
Security measures
Despite the fact that the inflatable jack is one of the most basic in operational terms, its use requires compliance with certain precautions.
To avoid the unit flying out from under the car, it must be installed correctly. Before installing a new pneumatic device, it is advisable to deflate it once without load, after which it deflates and stacks itself accordingly. To protect the jack from damage, it is better to lay a rug on the floor.
For the manufacture of the working chamber of the device, PVC-based materials are suitable. At sub-zero temperatures, such a structure hardens and becomes rough. As experts note, optimal temperature conditions operation is up to -10 degrees.
Hydraulic lifting device
It is quite possible to make a hydraulic jack with your own hands. It is based on a housing, the main load-bearing function is performed by a retractable piston and working fluid (oil). Variations of the device can be made with a shortened or extended steel frame. The housing serves as a container for oil and a guide cylinder for the piston.
A special adjusting screw with a lifting heel is screwed into the plunger; if necessary, you can increase the maximum lifting height. Such a device is equipped with a manual, foot or air drive.
The working mechanism and the retractable cylinder are located in the holes of the frame. The unit is lowered by turning the T-handle. Some devices are equipped with polyamide wheels for maneuverability. Operational safety is ensured by safety valves.
Pros and cons of a hydraulic device
Before making a jack with your own hands, you should consider all its pros and cons. The advantages of a hydraulic device include the following indicators:
- the device is unpretentious in maintenance and operation with a fairly high power rating;
- smooth movement of the working rod, reliable fixation of the load at the required height, precise braking;
- high efficiency (up to 80%) and load capacity (over 150 tons).
The disadvantages of using a hydraulic model include the high initial lifting height, the problem of accurately adjusting the lowering position, a decent price and quite a lot of weight. The device must only be stored and transported vertically, otherwise the working fluid may leak out.
Conclusion
Making a jack with your own hands will not be much of a problem. Depending on the capabilities, scope of use and other objective circumstances, you should choose the right model for the type of work. For use on the road, a compact device of a mechanical or hydraulic type is suitable, and in the garage, an inexpensive and practical pneumatic device will perform well.
Having a drawing at hand - a screw jack, we make it with our own hands from equal-flange bent steel channels GOST 8278-83.
The types of sizes of the used assortment are highlighted in blue rectangles in the figure.
The screw jack consists of the following parts:
Base
Lower shoulder
Upper shoulder
Emphasis
Screw mechanism
BASE
We will make it from assortment with a cross-sectional area of 2.63 (cm²). We drill four through holes with a diameter equal to the diameter of the pin. When drilling, strictly maintain the center distance between them. If necessary, the base can be attached to a wider removable platform.
LOWER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range of sections with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the base.
UPPER SHOULDER
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 2.28 (cm²) by analogy with the lower arm.
UPOR
We will make it from a range with a cross-sectional area of 1.99 (cm²) by analogy with the upper arm.
We attach a rubber gasket on top.
SCREW MECHANISM
1. Shaft - screw. Let's make it from a metal rod with a diameter of twelve millimeters. On one side there is an M12 thread, on the other there is a retainer, which is attached to the shaft using a cotter pin through a through hole on the shaft.
2. Axis - stop. Relative to which the rotation of the lower and upper shoulders occurs.
The axles on both sides are pins with cylindrical flat heads, which are attached to the axle using cotter pins.
A through hole with a diameter of ten millimeters is drilled in one stop, and an M12 internal thread is cut in the other.
3. Latch. Fixes the shaft on the side of its rotation and provides the ability to transmit torque to the shaft.
Performance characteristics of a self-made screw jack.
Good afternoon everyone. I have a diamond jack, I lost the handle from it, it was made in the form of a hook. Raising a car with such a jack without a handle is not very convenient. In two or three stores I asked about a pen, they didn’t have one, so it was decided to come up with something else. Therefore, it was decided to modernize this jack, so to speak. Moreover, it is necessary to install summer wheels, winter has passed.
So, we take a grinder and carefully saw off this eye, where we had to put the hook-handle in order for the jack to spin.
So I sawed off the ear. 
Now we need to find, or rather select, a head that we will weld instead of our eye. So I picked up such a head for myself; you don’t need to do anything additional with it, you just need to weld it well. 
Now let's take welding machine and weld the head. 
It turns out like this.
After welding, I ground this place a little, but did not grind it too much so that a little iron remained for hardness. 
With such a head it is easy to turn the jack and lift the car, it is especially convenient to turn it with a ratchet. 
Yesterday I tried the jack in action, changed all four wheels, put on summer tires, and working with the jack became simply convenient and easy.
Well, that seems to be all, if this article helps anyone, I will be very glad. The idea came from Alexey from Tambov.
