Gkl description. Drywall - material properties, advantages and disadvantages, areas of application

General information

Plasterboard sheets are a construction and finishing material used for wall cladding, interior partitions, suspended ceilings, fire-retardant coatings for structures, as well as for the manufacture of decorative and sound-absorbing products.

Using plasterboard sheets in progress finishing works inconvenient “wet” processes are eliminated, labor productivity increases significantly, and the opportunity to implement unlimited in design, multivariate architectural solutions, including the installation of curved surfaces, overall savings in construction costs are achieved due to the lightweight construction of the building, ensuring not only environmental cleanliness, but also a favorable indoor microclimate for humans.

KNAUF plasterboard sheets are produced in accordance with GOST 6266-97. Their production is carried out on modern equipment (France), which, since 1994, has been constantly improved with the participation of the company “Knauf” (Germany), one of the leading European manufacturers of plasterboard sheets, which currently allows us to produce products according to their characteristics that meet strict global standards. standards.

Production and composition

The technological process for the production of plasterboard sheets includes the formation on a conveyor of a continuous flat strip with a cross-section of a given shape (the required thickness and type of side edges), 1200 mm wide, consisting of two layers of special cardboard with a layer of gypsum dough with reinforcing additives, while the side edges of the strip are rolled edges of the cardboard (face layer). Next, after the gypsum “sets,” the strip is cut into separate sheets, as well as drying, labeling, stacking, and packaging of the finished product.

To form the core, gypsum is used, which has exceptional physical and technical properties as a building material. Gypsum-based materials have the ability to breathe, that is, absorb excess moisture and highlight it in environment in case of shortage. Gypsum is a non-flammable, fire-resistant material, it does not contain toxic components and has an acidity similar to that of human skin, its production and use does not have a harmful effect on the environment. To achieve the required parameters of a gypsum core, characterizing its strength, density, etc., special components are added to it to increase its performance properties.

Another important component drywall is a facing cardboard, the adhesion of which to the core is ensured through the use of adhesive additives. Cardboard plays the role of a reinforcing shell, and at the same time is an excellent basis for applying any finishing material(plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tiles, etc.). Due to its physical and hygienic properties, cardboard is ideal for residential premises.

Types of sheets, their features and applications

Designation	Type of drywall	a brief description of	Application area	Cardboard color	Marking color
GKL	Regular	grey	blue
GKLO	With increased resistance to open flames	They differ from conventional ones by special reinforcing additives in the core material	Used in buildings and premises with dry and normal humidity conditions according to SNiP II-3-79*	grey	red
GKLV	Moisture resistant	They differ from conventional ones in special impregnated cardboard, as well as hydrophobic and antifungal additives in the core material	They are used in the same way as conventional gypsum plasterboards, as well as in buildings and rooms with damp and wet humidity conditions in accordance with SNiP II-3-79* with the provision exhaust ventilation and subject to the protection of the front surface, for example: waterproofing, waterproof primers, paints, ceramic tiles, PVC coatings	green	blue
GKLVO	Moisture-resistant with increased resistance to open flames	They differ from conventional ones in the combination of properties of GKLO and GKLV		green	red

Sheet sizes

In shape, plasterboard sheets are rectangular elements with the following nominal geometric dimensions:

Sheet groups

According to the tolerance for sheet length and the number of external permissible defects, plasterboard sheets in accordance with GOST 6266-97 are divided into two groups: A and B. KNAUF produces sheets only of the highest group - A.

Edge Types

Longitudinal edge type	Designation	Application
Straight	PC	For dry installation, without sealing the joint
Refined	UK	For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with Fugenfüller putty with reinforcing tape
Semicircular on the front side	PLC	For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with Uniflot putty without reinforcing tape
Semicircular and thinned on the front side	PLUK	Universal edge for installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with putty: “Uniflot” - without reinforcing tape; "Fugenfüller" - with reinforcing tape
Rounded	ZK	For installation taking into account subsequent plastering

The end edges of the sheets are rectangular in shape and when making a seam it is necessary to chamfer them (approximately 1/3 of the sheet thickness).

Symbol

The symbol for plasterboard sheets consists of: a letter designation of the type of sheet; sheet group designations; designations of the type of longitudinal edges of the sheet; numbers indicating the nominal length, width and thickness of the sheet in millimeters; standard designations.

Example symbol ordinary plasterboard sheet of group A, with thinned edges, length 2500 mm, width 1200 mm and thickness 12.5 mm: GKL-A-UK-2500×1200×12.5 GOST 6266-97.

Strength

The bending strength of plasterboard sheets is assessed based on the results of testing several samples (3 longitudinal and 3 transverse) from a batch. Tests are carried out on samples 400 mm wide, mounted on supports with a span of L = 40×S, where S is the sheet thickness. The test results (arithmetic mean) must correspond to the data in the table.

The strength of sheets produced by KNAUF exceeds the minimum permissible values. For example, for sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm, the breaking load for longitudinal samples is sometimes 730 N.

The weight of a regular KNAUF sheet with dimensions 2500×1200×12.5 mm (3 m²) is about 29 kg.

Firefighter specifications

Gypsum plasterboard sheets GKL, GKLV, GKLO, GKLVO belong to the flammability group G1 (according to GOST 30244), to the flammability group B3 (according to GOST 30402), to the smoke generating ability group D1 (according to GOST 12.1.044), to the toxicity group T1 (according to GOST 12.1.044).

Transportation and storage

GCRs are transported by all modes of transport in accordance with the rules for the transportation of goods in force for this type of transport, in packaged form. The package is formed from sheets of the same group, type and size, laid flat on pallets or pads made of wood or plasterboard strips and other materials, usually tied with steel or synthetic tape and packaged in heat-shrinkable polyethylene film.

Transportation and storage KNAUF plasterboard sheets requires compliance with some rules:

the dimensions of the transport package (with pallet or spacers) should not exceed 4100×1300×800 mm, weight - no more than 3000 kg;
the stack formed from packages during storage should be no higher than 3.5 meters;
when transporting transport packages in open railway and automobile vehicles packages must be protected from moisture;
During loading and unloading, transport, storage and other operations, impacts on sheets are not allowed;
GCR should be stored in a closed, dry room with dry or normal humidity conditions, separately by type and size.

Technical characteristics of drywall and features of this material

When you go to a building materials store, you can see plasterboard sheets of various brands and for various purposes. It is difficult for an inexperienced developer to navigate all this diversity. That is why it is necessary to know and understand the technical characteristics of drywall. From this article you will receive maximum information about the characteristics and properties of plasterboard sheets of all brands and purposes.

Structure and features of plasterboard sheet

If renovations are underway somewhere, then we can say with confidence that plasterboard will certainly be one of the building materials. It is very popular and in demand, as it is great for finishing apartments and houses. This material is inexpensive, completely harmless and non-flammable, and has good soundproofing properties. It can take away excess moisture from the air, and then easily give it away if the air dries out. Working with drywall is pleasant and easy - it is not capricious and is easy to process.

Builders especially like the lightness of plasterboard sheets - this is a big plus both during installation and during transportation. When working with drywall, little waste is generated, and removing debris is much faster. The use of plasterboard in construction is the so-called “dry construction”.

Ease of use of the material

It is very convenient that for drywall you do not need a special tool at all - the minimum that is available in every home is enough. Complex structures can be created from this material due to its special properties. Just wet the plasterboard sheet and you can do whatever you want with it. For example, bend it in the form of an arch, build a niche or bring to life an intricate design project. After drying, the structure will retain its shape. By the way, smooth surfaces also turn out excellent.

Thanks to the use of plasterboard, you can significantly reduce the time spent on finishing work. Let's take, for example, the manufacture of a partition. If you make it from traditional building materials (say, brick), you will have to spend three times as much time. And drywall does not cause allergic reactions, which is also a positive quality.

What are the disadvantages of drywall?

Unfortunately, there are properties and characteristics of drywall that do not add to its advantages. So, this material cannot boast of strength and water resistance. In addition, it is difficult to attach anything to it. With nails plasterboard wall It is useless to make holes - only dowels and screws are capable of holding a shelf or a picture on itself. But still, you shouldn’t hang anything particularly heavy, as this can lead to complete destruction of the wall.

Difficult to mount on the wall

Installation of plasterboard sheet

Nothing complicated - the design corresponds to the name. The core is made of gypsum with additives, and the outside is lined with cardboard. It is held tightly with special glue. Depending on the application, types of plasterboard with different properties are produced.

Types of drywall and their areas of application

Wall plasterboard (GKL)

The sheets can have a length of 2.3 or 2.5 m. The width of any of them is 1.2 m. The thickness of this material is 12.5 mm, its color is gray. There are markings on the cardboard in blue. There are no special additives in the core; the properties of the material are standard.

Plasterboard ceiling

The length of the sheets can be 2 or 2.5 m, and the width - 1.2 m. The thickness is less than that of wall material - it is equal to 9.5 mm. The light gray cardboard facing is similarly marked in blue. Used this type GKL for cladding ceilings, as well as for the manufacture of niches, arches and multi-level ceiling structures. The properties are similar to the previous type, differing from it only in thickness. Thanks to this, by the way, it costs the least.

Moisture-resistant drywall (GKLV)

Sheets 2.3 and 2.5 m long have a standard width of 1.2 m. The thickness is the same as that of wall material (12.5 mm). The facing cardboard is green and has blue markings. These gypsum plasterboards are used in rooms with excess humidity, which they can easily tolerate. You can improve this characteristic of moisture-resistant plasterboard if you additionally cover the walls waterproofing material. Paint, primer or a layer of tile can also serve in this capacity. Both the core and the cardboard of this material have a special composition, so they are not afraid of moisture. For this, antifungal impregnation and special additives are used.

Fire-resistant drywall (GKLO)

The length of its sheets can be 2, 3 and 2.5 m, and the usual width and thickness are 1.2 m and 12.5 mm. The facing cardboard is light gray in color and all markings on it are red. GKL data is used where requirements for countermeasures fire safety tall. For example, this could be the lining of a chimney or fireplace. This type of drywall has a large amount of fibers and additives in its core intended for reinforcement. This structure, reinforced with an external cardboard lining, is difficult for fire to overcome. After all, it turns out to be a double frame.

Note that durable cardboard used in any gypsum boards does not burn and does not contribute to combustion. Maximum - it gets charred. But the core can only resist fire in a fire-resistant type of drywall. In case of fire, it does not collapse and retains its shape.

Moisture-resistant plasterboard (GKLVO)

Combines the properties of moisture-resistant and fire-resistant plasterboard sheets.

Arched plasterboard (flexible)

Its light gray sheets have only one length - 3 m. The width, as usual, is 1.2 m. But the thickness of the material is small - only 6.5 mm, so it is mainly installed in two layers. Arched plasterboard is used to make various curved products with different bending radii. They can be bent so easily thanks to the fiberglass threads that strengthen the core. However, due to this, the price of the sheets is quite high. And the fact that they have to be laid in a double layer further increases costs.

GCR categories

There are two quality categories for rectangular plasterboard sheets - “A” and “B.” The last of them allows some errors in geometric dimensions. The equipment used is old. However, the majority of manufacturers produce only “A” category drywall, so they do not consider it necessary to indicate this in the characteristics. But you need to know about this.

Types of gypsum board edges

The standard width of the sheets is 1.2 m. They are manufactured in accordance with GOST 6266-97: inside two layers of durable cardboard there is a hardened mass of gypsum with special additives for reinforcement. The lateral and longitudinal sides of the sheet are wrapped in cardboard.

There are several types of edges used in the production of drywall. This is made for more convenient processing of joints between sheets. It is worth remembering that all ends of gypsum boards are always only rectangular. If there is a need to join exactly these sides (the short ones), then they need to be chamfered by about a third.

PC (straight edge) is used when joints do not need to be sealed.

UK (edge with thinning) is needed if reinforcing tape and putty are used for sealing.

PLC (face semicircular edge) is used when working with putty and without reinforcing tape.

PLUK (front semicircular edge with thinning) can be used when working with putty and with reinforcing tape, and without this tape.

ZK (rounded edge) is used if the joints are to be sealed with plaster.

Flexural strength

This characteristic is determined by the minimum load at which a plasterboard sheet can collapse. The calculation is carried out in kilograms. To check, take a sample 40 cm wide and test it on supports, the distance between which is 40 times greater than the thickness of the sheet.

Minimum load for a plasterboard sheet 10 mm thick. is 15 kg.
The minimum load for a plasterboard sheet with a thickness of 11 - 18 mm. is 18 kg.

Flammability of drywall

Drywall is not a flammable material, and it can also withstand fire for a long time. As a matter of fact, any gypsum-containing materials can boast of such qualities.

GOST 30244 determines flammability - it is for G1 plasterboard;
GOST 30402 determines flammability, for plasterboard it is B2;
GOST 12.1.044 determines the ability to generate smoke; according to this indicator, plasterboard belongs to group D1;
GOST 12.1.044 defines toxicity; drywall belongs to group T1.

In the event of a fire, the characteristics of fire-resistant plasterboard allow it to withstand fire. The gypsum itself cannot burn, and after the cardboard is destroyed, the core simply crumbles. To increase fire resistance, partitions are made from two sheets of plasterboard. Thus, cardboard located between two sheets is able to withstand fire for a longer time.

Relation of drywall to low temperatures

Plasterboard sheets can withstand all negative temperatures that are possible in nature. There is no destruction or fatal change in physical properties. As soon as the temperature rises, the leaf is completely restored. GCRs feel best at room temperature - after all, they were created for interior work.

Water absorption and softening coefficient

For brands of drywall that are moisture resistant (including those that are also fire resistant), moisture absorption of no more than 10 percent is permissible. Drywall also has another important parameter - the softening coefficient Kp, which is calculated by dividing the tensile strength in a water-saturated state (Rн) by the tensile strength in a dry state (Rс).

If we talk about sheets of ordinary drywall, their strength is significantly reduced when they are heavily moistened. There are quite a lot of similar materials sold, and they all have a small softening coefficient of approximately 0.8. But gypsum board has a slightly different value for this parameter - 0.45. This means that after getting wet, the strength of this material will greatly decrease.

Thermal conductivity of drywall

To begin with, it should be noted that drywall retains heat quite well. The thermal conductivity coefficient of plasterboard ranges from 0.22 to 0.35 W/ (m×K). This is not bad - after all, when carrying out repairs, you can immediately make the walls even and slightly improve their thermal insulation. It should be noted that this method of thermal insulation of walls is inexpensive, fast and effective. And if you make a gap from 3 to 10 mm, then an additional air layer will appear, which will help conserve heat even better.

To achieve a good result in terms of thermal conductivity, place in the cavity between the insulated wall and plasterboard various insulation materials. This could be, for example, mineral wool or ordinary foam. The further we move the plasterboard away from the wall, the thicker the additional thermal insulation layer can be made.

About the loads that drywall can withstand

If we want to hang a shelf or cabinet on a plasterboard wall, we must remember that the load should not exceed 30 kg per square meter.

How much does one square meter of material weigh?

Sheets such as GKLV and GKL weigh no more than 1 s (kilograms per square meter). Fire-resistant sheets - not less than 0.8 and not more than 1.06 s (kilograms per square meter).

About the thickness of sheets

Drywall, which is sold in stores and on the market, most often can be 6, 9, 12 mm thick. The thinnest gypsum boards, 6 mm thick, are used for the “wet method” - they are used to make complex curved products (arches, designer structures, niches). The thickness of 9 mm is well suited for bending sheets “dry” and creating the same arches - experienced craftsmen That's what they usually do. Ceilings are also made from nine-millimeter gypsum boards in order to reduce the weight of the structure. The thickest sheets are used for cladding walls and creating partitions. Other sizes are extremely rare on sale, and therefore, as a rule, they are not of interest to the average buyer.

Symbols for plasterboard sheets

You can decipher what is written on the sheet, having learned the characteristics of drywall, as follows:

Letter designation of sheet type;
information about which group the sheet belongs to;
length, width and thickness in millimeters;

For example, let’s take a plasterboard sheet of group “A” from the KNAUF company. Its length is 2500 mm, standard width, semicircular edge, thickness 9 mm.

On the sheet you can see the following markings:

GKL – A – PC – 9 × 1200 × 2500 GOST 6266-97.
or
GKL - PC - 9 × 1200 × 2500 GOST 6266-97.

Technical characteristics of drywall: description of material features

There are plasterboard sheets of different parameters on the market. It is necessary to know their properties, which play a decisive role in the choice. For example, by using ordinary drywall when decorating a warehouse for flammable substances, we risk, after the first fire, receiving significant damage inside the premises. And all because we did not know what characteristics drywall has. Read our article on how to recognize fire-resistant drywall and much more.

What is this article about?

A few words about gypsum board

Drywall is one of the most popular materials for interior decoration. Arches, columns, ceilings and other things are made from it. It is highly in demand on the market due to its low cost, ease of processing, harmlessness and sound insulation properties.

Plus, it’s very dense, durable, and lightweight, which makes it easy to transport and install, despite its size. After work there is a minimum of waste left.

Ease of use

To work with drywall, you can get by with the tools that are in every home. The special properties of drywall are that when wet, it bends according to the builder’s wishes, and will remain that way after drying.

It is convenient to make partitions from drywall of any size - it takes much less time than if we did it from foam blocks or bricks. In addition, drywall is hypoallergenic.

Flaws

The material is thin, not waterproof, and plasterboard, unlike gypsum fiber, has low strength - if you hang something heavy, you can collapse the entire wall.

Device

Inside there is plaster with additives, outside there is a cardboard lining attached with a special glue. Depending on the properties of the drywall, dimensions may differ from standard ones.

Drywall weight and mass. Have you ever wondered - “how much does a sheet of drywall weigh”? The weight of drywall is no more than 1 s (kilograms per square meter). Fire-resistant plasterboard sheets - plasterboard is not so important, in the end it can be cut the way you want, the main thing is the thickness. It comes in different profiles - 6, 9, 12 mm, it does not depend on the place where we buy gypsum boards - on the market or in a specialized store. GKL 6 mm is used for bending sheets " wet method» – creating products with curves (designer fantasies, niches, arches). GKL 9 mm is usually used for ceilings, and is also used for bending sheets using the “dry method”. They make them beautiful ceilings to reduce the weight of the structure. The thickest ones are used by builders to create partitions and wall cladding. They also create racks and columns, the height of which will indicate the status of the owner. There is little demand for other sizes; non-standard gypsum boards are rarely of interest to buyers.

Classification by area of application

Depending on the area of application and properties, there are:

Drywall for walls

The size of the plasterboard sheet has a length of 2.3 or 2.5 m. Width - 1.2 m. Plasterboard thickness - 12.5 mm, gray cladding. Blue markings.

Plasterboard for ceiling

Used for cladding ceilings, creating arches, niches, two-level ceilings. The size of the plasterboard sheet differs from the previous one only in the thickness of the plasterboard - it is 9.5 mm (which is why it is cheaper than the previous type).

Don't try to use drywall on walls on ceilings. It will sag under its own weight and everything will have to be redone.

Moisture-resistant drywall

Used for finishing rooms with high humidity. It has standard dimensions of a plasterboard sheet, the thickness of the plasterboard is standard, the marking is blue, but the color of the sheet is different - it is green. If you cover it with waterproofing material, the service life of the drywall will increase. The dimensions of the drywall guides depend on the area of application.

Fireproof plasterboard

This gypsum fiber material, used with high fire safety requirements and increased flammability. The size of drywall is almost standard, only it differs in length - up to 2, 3, 2.5 m. The color is gray, the markings are red. The property of non-flammability, as with all products like gypsum board, is present due to the gypsum fiber composition of additional additives. This effect is achieved by adding gypsum fiber material, which is difficult for fire to reach.

By the way, cardboard of any gypsum board and drywall, regardless of size, does not burn, but only chars. But only this type of core remains in the same shape after a fire.

Flexible arched plasterboard

The size of the plasterboard is 3 m long, standard width, the highlight is the thickness - only 6.5 mm. Gray sheets. This type of gypsum board is used to create flexible forms; it has the smallest thickness among all types of gypsum plasterboard, so it can bend to smaller radii. The greatest bending is achieved by piercing the surface with a needle roller and further wetting the surface. With this treatment, water penetrates into the sheet, the wetted gypsum becomes soaked and bends perfectly.

Resistance to external influences

Flexural strength. The maximum load (in kg) that drywall cannot withstand determines its strength. If the size of a plasterboard sheet with a thickness of 10 mm, then the sheet should withstand 15 kg, if standard size plasterboard with a thickness of 11 - 18 mm - 18 kg.

Flammability drywall. Drywall is not flammable and resists fire for a long time. But if the flame reaches the core, it crumbles (with the exception of fire-resistant sheets).

Regarding GOSTs, they are:

flammability - G1;
flammability – B2;
ability to generate smoke – D1;
toxicity - T1.

Frost resistance. Low temperatures do not affect the gypsum board, and do not cause much damage to it. But the material was created for interior work, so room temperature is the ideal environment!

Water absorption and softening coefficient. Moisture-resistant gypsum boards can absorb no more than 10% of liquid. The softening coefficient (Kp) is calculated by dividing the tensile strength in a water-saturated state (Rн) by the tensile strength in a dry state (Rс). The strength of sheets of conventional gypsum board when interacting with moisture is significantly reduced. Their softening coefficient is approximately 0.45. This indicates the low strength of the materials after getting wet and a short service life after that. For waterproof materials the coefficient is 0.8.

Interesting video “Crash test of drywall”:

Thermal conductivity. The size of the sheet is plasterboard, which perfectly retains heat, making it frost-resistant. The thermal conductivity coefficient of plasterboard is from 0.22 to 0.35 W/ (m×K). This means that gypsum board is excellent for improving thermal insulation. It's fast, inexpensive and, most importantly, effective. By the way, make a gap of 3-10 mm, you will create another air layer that will retain heat.

One option for improving thermal conductivity is to add insulation to the cavity between the wall that we are insulating and the plasterboard sheet. Such insulation can be mineral wool or polystyrene foam. The thickness of the thermal insulation layer is always a compromise - the thicker it is, the warmer it is, but the smaller the living area of the rooms.

GKL. Do you want to hang a shelf on a plasterboard wall? The load should not exceed 30 kg per square meter, including the shelf, otherwise you will simply destroy the gypsum board wall. You need to screw it on with screws, forget about nails!

Varieties of edges

Marking

To find out the characteristics and groups of thin drywall that interest us, you need to know and be able to decipher the conditions indicated on the sheet.

Designation by letter of sheet type (A or B);
information about the group to which the plasterboard sheet belongs;
longitudinal edge information;
dimensions of drywall sheets in millimeters;
manufacturing standard - GOST 6266-97.

Here, for example, is the size of KNAUF drywall “A”. Its length is 2500 mm, the width is standard, the edge is semicircular, the thickness of the plasterboard is 9 mm. These are the dimensions of Knauf gypsum boards. As you can see, the standard plasterboard sheet size applies to KNAUF.

Main characteristics of plasterboard sheet

Drywall is modern material For interior decoration, which is at the peak of its popularity today. Combination great opportunities And affordable price make plasterboard sheets (GKL) an indispensable material for leveling walls, erecting interior partitions, designing door and window slopes, creating suspended ceilings, curved surfaces and structures of a wide variety of shapes. Let's consider the technical characteristics that a high-quality sheet of drywall should have in accordance with GOST requirements, and find out which types of material should be preferred for use in certain conditions.

A plasterboard sheet is a rectangular product consisting of pressed gypsum grade G4 (GOST 125-79), enclosed on both sides in a thin layer of durable cardboard. In addition to gypsum and cellulose, in the production of gypsum boards it is possible to use various adhesives and foaming agents for the gypsum component. The perfectly flat surface and strength of plasterboard allow it to act simultaneously as a reinforcing frame and the basis for finishing.

70% of the drywall presented on Russian market, produced under the Knauf brand. Knauf plasterboard products comply with Russian standards GOST 6266-97 and GOST 32614-2012, as well as the German standard DIN 18 180.

GCR classification

The technical characteristics of plasterboard sheets depend on what type they belong to. According to GOST 6266-97, the following types of plasterboard are distinguished:

regular - denoted by the abbreviation GKL;
moisture resistant - gypsum plasterboard;
plasterboard with increased fire resistance - gypsum plasterboard;
a material that combines the properties of a moisture-resistant material and increased resistance to open fire - GKLVO.

In 2012, a new interstate standard was adopted, developed in collaboration with Knauf. In GOST 32614-2012, which has been in force in Russia since 2015, plasterboard is called gypsum building boards. According to the new GOST, the material is divided into 8 types:

A – drywall corresponding to standard plasterboard;
N – moisture-resistant gypsum boards;
F – fire-resistant boards;
D – slabs having a given density, which depends on operating conditions;
I – material with increased hardness;
E – facade slabs with low water absorption and minimal vapor permeability;
P – products intended for subsequent application gypsum plaster or laying tiles;
R is a material with increased bending strength in any direction.

Standard drywall

Standard or ordinary gypsum plasterboard (GSP-A according to the new GOST), which is also called construction or basic, is used more often than other types for finishing apartments. With its help, walls are leveled, ceiling and wall frames made of metal and wood are sheathed. It has a light gray surface and can only be used in rooms with normal humidity. Standard drywall.

Moisture-resistant gypsum board

Moisture-resistant plasterboard GKLV (according to the new standard - GSP-H2) is used in rooms with medium and high humidity. The resistance of the material to moisture is achieved by adding modifiers to the gypsum that reduce its absorbency, as well as antifungal compounds. The moisture-resistant appearance of drywall is easily recognizable due to the green color of the surface. The scope of application of moisture-resistant material is wider than that of basic plasterboard and includes such premises as a kitchen, bathroom, heated loggia, insulated balcony. GKLV can be used for the manufacture of slopes; provided that high-quality waterproofing is used, it is even possible to finish the walls in the shower.

The moisture-resistant material absorbs no more than 10% moisture compared to conventional plasterboard.

Fire-resistant plasterboard

GKLO differs from other types of plasterboard by the presence of special additives in the gypsum core that ensure resistance to high temperatures and preventing the spread of smoke and fire during a fire. Knauf's fire-resistant material of increased density is designated GSP-DF.

According to GOST, the resistance of GKLO and GKLVO products to open fire must be at least 20 minutes.

The technical characteristics of this type of gypsum board create a separate area of application: covering cable and ventilation ducts, steel and wooden structures needing fire protection. The cardboard layer of the fire-resistant sheet usually has a light pink tint; the marking, as required by GOST, must be red. For finishing wet rooms, plasterboard is used, designated by the letters GKLVO (GSP-DFH2 according to the new standard), which combines the properties of a fire and moisture resistant material.

The most fire-resistant drywall is Knauf Fireboard, which has additional fiberglass reinforcement.

Designer drywall

GKLD is designer, flexible or arched plasterboard, which is not mentioned in GOST 6266-97. Designed for creating structures of complex curved shapes: arches, decorative elements suspended ceiling. The small thickness (6–6.5 mm) and reinforcement with a fiberglass reinforcing mesh allow this material to be bent without wetting.

High strength plasterboard

The use of reinforced plasterboard is advisable for large loads on the wall, or when it is necessary to fasten a heavy object. An example of such a material is Diamant plasterboard from Knauf. This manufacturer also produces products of large thickness (18, 20, 25 mm) called high-strength or solid slabs. Such material can also be fire and moisture resistant.

Product parameters

The main technical characteristics of drywall are regulated by GOST 6266-97.

Size

The size of the drywall sheet may vary:

Standard product lengths are 2, 2.5 and 3 m. There are manufacturers producing sheets with lengths from 1.5 to 3.6 m.
The sheet width is usually 1.2 m, although not so long ago small-format products with a width of 0.6 m appeared on sale, providing more convenient transportation.
Sheet thickness can range from 6 to 12.5 mm. If we're talking about Regarding reinforced slabs, we can talk about a greater thickness, reaching 25 mm. Sheets with a minimum thickness are intended for the manufacture of bent structures. Plasterboard with a thickness of 9 mm is used for the ceiling, 12.5 mm for the walls.

The most popular format of plasterboard sheet from Knauf is 250 x 120 cm.

Advice: despite the fact that 9 mm plasterboard is suitable for the ceiling, experienced craftsmen recommend using standard 12.5 mm thick wall material for the ceiling surface, which ensures better fastening of screws and recessed lamps.

The weight of gypsum board and gypsum board sheets from Knauf does not exceed 1 kg per square meter. m., fire-resistant boards have everything from 0.8 to 1.06 kg per square meter. m. If the weight of the sheet is higher than indicated, most likely there was a violation of the conditions of transportation and storage of the material, due to which it became saturated with moisture.

GKL "Knauf": technical characteristics, dimensions

Not so long ago, very few people knew about drywall. When renovating rooms, they used plasters and gypsum, which made it possible to decorate them with greater expressiveness. Nowadays, architects and designers are surprised at how previously specialists could do finishing without using (gypsum board) plasterboard sheets. After all, it is this material that helps realize the most daring projects and fanciful fantasies.

With the help of plasterboard, it is possible to install multi-level ceilings with lighting, also called labyrinthine. You can create niches in walls of any shape and size. With the invention of drywall, it became possible to create countless unique interior compositions.

Structure of plasterboard sheets

Very popular plasterboard Knauf(“Knauf”). GKL drywall (regular type) is produced in the form of sheets. The basis of a plasterboard sheet is gypsum, which is located between two sheets of cardboard.

To give plasterboard sheets certain properties, various substances are added to the middle part to improve its strength, moisture resistance and other properties.

Color of plasterboard sheets and markings on their reverse side

Color of markings on the reverse side

Green or blue

Gray or red

On sale there are plasterboard sheets with the same properties and characteristics, but in different colors. This must be kept in mind when purchasing gypsum boards. There are no strict labeling standards, which creates certain difficulties for the buyer when choosing the right material. When choosing drywall, you should not focus only on the color of the Knauf gypsum board sheets. The technical characteristics of the purchased product should be decisive.

Types of drywall

Drywall is available in four types, depending on its properties and application:

Ordinary.
Moisture resistant.
Fire resistant.
Moisture-resistant and fire-resistant.

Technical characteristics of plasterboard - GKL "Knauf"

Drywall is used for installing suspended ceilings, cladding and creating niches in walls, and is used to create partitions between rooms with humidity within normal limits.

Typically, drywall is used as a frame for the subsequent application of various finishing materials - paint, tiles, wallpaper, etc. The result is a fairly solid and flexible base.

The cardboard with which the core of the plasterboard sheet is covered on both sides has a smooth surface and high density. It is used for finishing because it is hard and flexible, and also has the property of “breathing,” that is, the material absorbs excess moisture, and when the air becomes drier, it releases it back.

Thanks to this ability, it is much easier to breathe in rooms where drywall is used. In addition, drywall has the same acidity as human skin. As a result, indoors naturally a microclimate favorable for humans is created.

Fire resistance of plasterboard sheets

Special processing of the only flammable gypsum board material - cardboard - makes this material generally non-flammable. Under the influence of open fire, sheets of drywall only become charred, and the moisture contained in the depths of the sheet prevents the movement of the flame.

GKL "Knauf" (regular plasterboard sheet 1 and other types) - environmentally friendly construction material, since it does not have any negative influence on the objects surrounding it, which is confirmed in quality certificates. In addition, gypsum board is also an excellent soundproofing material.

Using drywall

In addition to interior decoration, flat sheets of plasterboard are widely used to level out uneven walls, which is why gypsum board is also called dry plaster. When working with gypsum plasterboard sheets, processes involving the use of water are eliminated, which simplifies the work and reduces its cost, making plasterboard even more attractive for both professionals and beginners in the field of construction and repair.

The lack of debris also makes working with drywall much easier. Not to mention the fact that finishing work carried out using this material can significantly save money and time. In our country, the Knauf gypsum board is most often used, the technical characteristics of which distinguish it favorably from a number of similar ones from other manufacturers.

In addition to gypsum plasterboard (standard plasterboard sheets), waterproof and fire-resistant sheets are produced. Moisture-resistant plasterboard sheets are used mainly in bathrooms and kitchens. When finishing communication shafts and air ducts, fire-resistant Knauf gypsum boards are used, the technical characteristics of which easily allow this.

In the manufacture of drywall, burnt gypsum is also specially used, which ultimately makes it possible to obtain tongue-and-groove slabs. They are highly durable and therefore are often used in the construction of interior partitions. Such slabs do not require any preliminary preparation before finishing. Partitions are made one-, two- and three-layer. Tongue-and-groove slabs are especially relevant in areas with unstable seismic conditions. Cables, dust removal systems, heating or plumbing communication systems are laid in the cavities located inside such slabs.

Creating Round Shapes

An important property of drywall is its ability to take on a rounded shape, which makes its scope wide. The desired shape is obtained quite simply: you need to moisten the plasterboard board, wait until it is properly moistened, and then bend it as needed in a particular case. After this, the drywall is dried. It is noteworthy that after hardening, the technical characteristics of Knauf sheets completely return to the original ones.

Types of plasterboard sheets

There are ceiling, wall and arched plasterboards. The fact that the sheets of this material are flat makes it easy to correct uneven walls or ceilings. In this case, there is no need for further plastering of surfaces.

The geometric dimensions of the Knauf gypsum boards are very diverse. Length - from 2000 cm to 4000 cm (in increments of 50) and width - from 600 cm to 1200 cm. Thickness is: 0.65, 0.8, 0.95, 1.25, 1.4, 1.6, 1.8, 2.0, 2.4 cm - depending on purpose of the material.

The standard size of a plasterboard sheet is 2500 by 1200 cm. The area of such a sheet is exactly three square meters. They are as follows in thickness:

Wall plasterboard – 12.5 mm;
Ceiling plasterboard – 9.5 mm;
Arched plasterboard – 6.5 mm.

Walls are finished with plasterboard sheets, and partitions are made from them. Ceiling is used to create ceilings, and with the help of an arched ceiling they create exquisite interior arches and various curved openings.

Quantity required material calculated in advance, taking into account the fact that when finishing it is advisable to use whole sheets.

In addition to creating ordinary, suspended and multi-level ceilings mounted on various frames, gypsum plasterboard sheets produced by Knauf are used to construct the underlying layer of floors.

Another important property of gypsum board is its ability to easily bend and retain its shape. Due to this, plasterboard is widely used to create decorative elements, turning from rectangular sheets into domes, columns or vaults. Designers have the opportunity to make their wildest fantasies come true.

Gypsum fiber sheets (GVL) are another type of Knauf gypsum board, the technical characteristics of which indicate the highest resistance to fire. It does not use cardboard, and the sheet core is lined with fluffed waste paper. Additional additives with which the material is impregnated also provide fire resistance.

Working with drywall

Plasterboard sheets can be easily cut with a regular knife (preferably sharp) and can be sawn well, in addition to being flexible. Using special tools, you can cut out parts of any size and shape, as well as make the necessary holes in them. The fact that marking and cutting holes, for example, for sockets and switches, is possible outside the installation site, allows us to significantly reduce the time required for work.

If we compare finishing with plasterboard with finishing with plaster and putty, it is obvious that in the first case the work is completed twice as fast. With high quality, labor costs are reduced threefold in the manufacture of interior partitions if Knauf plasterboard is used. Knauf gypsum plasterboard sheets are mounted using accompanying materials, such as screws of various sizes, gypsum glue, tapes for sealing, etc.

General information

Using plasterboard sheets in the process of finishing work, inconvenient “wet” processes are eliminated, labor productivity increases significantly, the opportunity to implement unlimited in design, multi-variant architectural solutions is provided, including the installation of curved surfaces, overall savings in construction costs are achieved due to the lightweight construction of the building, not only environmental cleanliness is ensured, but also a favorable indoor microclimate for humans.

Production and composition

To form the core, gypsum is used, which has exceptional physical and technical properties as a building material. Gypsum-based materials have the ability to breathe, that is, absorb excess moisture and release it into the environment when there is a deficiency. Gypsum is a non-flammable, fire-resistant material, it does not contain toxic components and has an acidity similar to that of human skin, its production and use does not have a harmful effect on the environment. To achieve the required parameters of a gypsum core, characterizing its strength, density, etc., special components are added to it to increase its performance properties.

Another important component drywall is a facing cardboard, the adhesion of which to the core is ensured through the use of adhesive additives. Cardboard plays the role of a reinforcing shell, and at the same time it is an excellent basis for applying any finishing material (plaster, wallpaper, paint, ceramic tiles, etc.). Due to its physical and hygienic properties, cardboard is ideal for residential premises.

Types of sheets, their features and applications

Designation	Type of drywall	a brief description of	Application area	Cardboard color	Marking color
GKL	Regular			grey	blue
GKLO	With increased resistance to open flames	They differ from conventional ones by special reinforcing additives in the core material	Used in buildings and premises with dry and normal humidity conditions according to SNiP II-3-79*	grey	red
GKLV	Moisture resistant	They differ from conventional ones in special impregnated cardboard, as well as hydrophobic and antifungal additives in the core material	They are used in the same way as conventional gypsum plasterboards, as well as in buildings and rooms with damp and wet humidity conditions according to SNiP II-3-79* with the provision of exhaust ventilation and subject to protection of the front surface, for example: waterproofing, waterproof primers, paints, ceramic tiles, PVC coatings	green	blue
GKLVO	Moisture-resistant with increased resistance to open flames	They differ from conventional ones in the combination of properties of GKLO and GKLV		green	red

Sheet sizes

In shape, plasterboard sheets are rectangular elements with the following nominal geometric dimensions:

Sheet groups

Edge Types

Section	Longitudinal edge type	Designation	Application
		PC	For dry installation, without sealing the joint
		UK	For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with Fugenfüller putty with reinforcing tape
		PLC	For installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with Uniflot putty without reinforcing tape
		PLUK	Universal edge for installation, taking into account subsequent sealing of the joint with putty: “Uniflot” - without reinforcing tape; "Fugenfüller" - with reinforcing tape
		ZK	For installation taking into account subsequent plastering

The end edges of the sheets are rectangular in shape and when making a seam it is necessary to chamfer them (approximately 1/3 of the sheet thickness).

Symbol

An example of a symbol for a conventional plasterboard sheet of group A, with thinned edges, 2500 mm long, 1200 mm wide and 12.5 mm thick: GKL-A-UK-2500×1200×12.5 GOST 6266-97.

Strength

The strength of sheets produced by KNAUF exceeds the minimum permissible values. For example, for sheets with a thickness of 12.5 mm, the breaking load for longitudinal samples is sometimes 730 N.

The weight of a regular KNAUF sheet with dimensions 2500×1200×12.5 mm (3 m²) is about 29 kg.

Fire technical characteristics

Transportation and storage

Transportation and storage KNAUF plasterboard sheets requires compliance with some rules:

the dimensions of the transport package (with pallet or spacers) should not exceed 4100×1300×800 mm, weight - no more than 3000 kg;
the stack formed from packages during storage should be no higher than 3.5 meters;
when transporting transport packages in open railway and road vehicles, the packages must be protected from moisture;
During loading and unloading, transport, storage and other operations, impacts on sheets are not allowed;
GCR should be stored in a closed, dry room with dry or normal humidity conditions, separately by type and size.

Before you start covering the walls and ceilings of rooms with plasterboard, installing various boxes, arches, partitions and furniture structures in them, you need to study the technical characteristics of this material and composition. Drywall has its own varieties that are applicable for different types premises. When assembling gypsum plasterboard structures, it is also important to take into account the characteristics of the room itself and the properties of drywall, because it is applicable in different conditions different material, the types of which you also need to have an idea about. Knowledge of the basic characteristics, types, properties and capabilities of the material will allow you to avoid many mistakes during its installation and further finishing.

Today, when carrying out repairs of varying complexity, the most common material is used - gypsum board sheets. The versatility, ease of processing and installation and the properties of drywall make it the choice of novice home builders and craftsmen. However, not every one of them knows all the technical characteristics of drywall sheets or understands the markings specified by the manufacturer. In this article we will try to understand in detail issues such as the description, characteristics and application of gypsum boards.

What is drywall and what is it made of? Drywall is composite panels of different sizes and thicknesses that are actively used in construction. The material is based on gypsum, the outer surfaces are covered with construction cardboard. To increase certain properties of plasterboard (strength, density, durability, etc.), as well as improve its performance properties, special components are added to the composition of gypsum during the production of the material. The cardboard “outfit” of drywall is a reinforcing frame for the material and the basis for the finishing cladding.

Cardboard has high adhesion, which makes it suitable for wallpapering, painting and other finishing. However, before decorative finishing It is recommended to prime the gypsum board and putty it with a starting and finishing layer of putty.

Drywall sheets are now produced both abroad and in Russia.

For the manufacture of plasterboard boards the following are used:

Artificial or natural gypsum;
Chemical soap, minerals, special additives;
Facing construction cardboard.

The plasterboard core has unique technical and physical properties that give the material many advantages.

Among them it is worth noting:

Hygroscopicity;
Non-toxic;
Strength;
Relative plasticity;
Fire resistance;
Versatility of use;
Flexibility;
Compliance;
Easy to process.

The unbreakable adhesion of the facing cardboard to the gypsum core is ensured by special adhesives.

Drywall made from the above components has excellent chemical, physical and hygienic characteristics, making it possible to use this material for finishing premises for various purposes.

Drywall production

In order to understand what material you will have to work with, you should have an idea of how it is made and what raw materials are used.

The drywall production process is as follows:

In a special bunker, dry gypsum flour is mixed with a modified form of starch and a synthetic foaming agent.
The resulting mixture is fed into the next container, where it is mixed with the catalyst. This is necessary to speed up the hardening process of the gypsum.
This composition is fed onto a conveyor, where it is evenly poured between two layers of cardboard.
The resulting strip is rolled along the edges, and after drying, it is cut, dried, labeled, stacked and packaged for shipment to a dealer or official representative.

Material characteristics

When choosing drywall for a certain type of work, you must know for sure that you have chosen the appropriate material, so you definitely need to delve into its basic parameters.

Thanks to constant research and monitoring of the production process, as well as consumer feedback and expert observations, manufacturers have the opportunity to improve their products.

Drywall sheets have their own types and varieties, each of which has corresponding properties and characteristics on which their application depends.

Types of drywall

What types of drywall are there? The use of gypsum board showed the need for the manufacturer to improve the material in accordance with the conditions of its installation and operation. Depending on the type and presence of modifying additives in the composition of the material core, as well as on the type of mixture for impregnating construction cardboard, plasterboard has several varieties.

Main types of drywall:

GKL - ordinary drywall. Standard plasterboard sheets are actively used for construction and finishing work in rooms with stable humidity and temperature parameters. The leaf comes in gray or blue color, It has different sizes.
GKLO – fire-resistant sheet. Drywall with increased fire-resistant properties is used in the construction and renovation of premises with an increased risk of fire. The gypsum board sheet is red or blue.
GKLV – moisture-resistant sheet. This variety is resistant to high humidity in the air, in a humid environment it is able to retain its shape and hardness, the leaf is resistant to mold or mildew. GKLV color – green or blue.
GKLVO – fire-moisture resistant sheet. Moisture-resistant plasterboard, which also has fire-resistant properties, can be used in the construction and repair of not only special premises, but also residential buildings or apartments. GKLVO protects the premises from accidental flooding and increases its fire safety. This type of leaf is red in color.

GVL – gypsum fiber sheet. GVL is called the younger brother of drywall. GVL is made from gypsum and crushed cellulose fibers by mixing with construction additives, increasing the performance of the material. GVL is very durable and has a high bearing capacity. Also, characteristic features GVL are homogeneity and the ability to influence the level of humidity in the room (absorb excess moisture and release it when there is a lack). GVL is plastic, has different sizes and weights. This type can even be used as a draft flooring when installing bulk floors. GVL also has sufficient fire resistance for use in fire hazardous areas. GVL has White color with a gray tint. GVL differs from gypsum plasterboard in composition and characteristics. GVLV - gypsum fiber sheet with resistance to high coefficient humidity, is a subtype of GVL, used in rooms with increased operational requirements.

Is the material breathable? Any type of drywall is capable of moderately absorbing excess moisture in the air when there is an excess of it, and when there is a shortage, releasing it back. This applies to rooms with normal humidity levels. This property allows us to assume that the material breathes.

In addition to the main types, drywall also differs in purpose:

Restoration material thinner than usual, used for finishing old gypsum board structures. The sheets are quite flexible, which allows them to be used when arranging shaped elements.
Laminated or vinyl material is a standard sheet covered with PVC film, which allows for quick decorative finishing.
Reinforced sheets plasterboards include fiberglass additives that increase the fire resistance of the material.
Arch material has a fine structure, high flexibility and pliability. The material is intended for creating arched structures and shaped volumetric elements.
Perforated drywall(acoustic) – soundproofing sheets used in rooms that require the installation of an additional sound barrier. Perforated plasterboard has an appropriate structure that allows it to be used in the decoration of lecture halls, cinema halls, recording studios, as well as classrooms in music schools and conservatories. The color of perforated plasterboard is predominantly white.

Numerous types of drywall provide flexibility in the conditions for its use. Conventional sheets, as a rule, are most often used in residential premises, and in rooms with other operational requirements, more adapted types are used.

Canvas sizes

What are the dimensions of drywall? Material parameters vary:

Length - from 2000 to 4000 mm with a recommended fastening pitch of 40 - 50 cm;
Width – 600 and 1200 mm;
Sheet thickness – 6.5; 8.0; 12.5; 14.0; 16.0; 18.0; 24.0; 29.0 mm.

Each type, type and subtype of drywall has its own standard sizes.

Quality groups

Drywall sheets are manufactured in accordance with state standards. There are two types of quality groups - A and B, the standards of which are regulated by GOST 6266-97. They correspond to a certain number of external defects that are allowed per length of the drywall sheet. For example, KNAUF plasterboard, the characteristics of which are most often top level, belongs to group A.

Types of gypsum board edges

PC – straight edge;
UK – thinned edge;
PLC – semicircular edge on the front side of the sheet;
PLUK - a semicircular and thinned edge on the front side of the sheet;
ZK – rounded edge.

Fire technical characteristics

A certain type of drywall belongs to the corresponding group, which is determined by GOSTs. GKL, GKLV, GKLO and GKLVO - flammability group G1 (according to GOST 30244), flammability group B3 (GOST 30402), smoke generation group D1 (GOST 12.1.044), material toxicity group T1 (GOST 12.1.044).

Markings and symbols

Similar designations correspond to the characteristics of gypsum boards:

Letter designation of the species;
Group designation;
Type of longitudinal edges;
Numbers for length, width and thickness, as well as the designation of the standard.

Thus, gypsum plasterboard belonging to group A and having straight edges, length - 2500 mm, width - 1200 mm and thickness - 14.0 mm, will have the following marking: GKL-A-PK-2500x1200x14.0 GOST 6266-97.

Is gypsum board afraid of frost? Drywall is a material used for interior decoration, as a result of which optimal temperature for its operation - room temperature. However, gypsum board is able to withstand any negative temperature possible in natural natural conditions, without being destroyed and completely restoring its qualities when it is normalized.

The technical characteristics of drywall will help you quickly select a material that meets your personal requirements and SNiPs. Thus, you can quickly choose moisture-resistant plasterboard for the bathroom, the characteristics of which correspond to wet rooms, or a fire-resistant sheet for finishing, for example, a generator room, and so on.

Pay attention to the technical characteristics of plasterboard layers and its markings. This will make it much easier for you to navigate and do only right choice when purchasing construction and finishing materials.

Which drywall to choose (video)

Reading time ≈ 4 minutes

Drywall is a relatively new building material that appeared at the end of the 19th century. Due to its ease of use, wide range of different sizes and types, this material is widely used in construction. GKL sheet produced by various manufacturers, despite the fact that they produce different ones trade marks and brands are easily recognizable: it consists of sheets of gypsum board of various sizes, covered on the outside with cardboard. The composition of drywall is extremely simple: building gypsum - 93%, standard cardboard - 6%, various modifying additives - 1%.

Types of drywall by purpose

There are several types of manufactured plasterboard sheets, differing in their basic physical parameters.

GKL. The most widely produced manufacturers produce conventional plasterboard, used for premises with standard requirements for humidity and temperature conditions. It is easy to distinguish by the color of the top layer of cardboard: such drywall is painted gray, all markings on the surface of the sheet are made in blue.
GKLV. For rooms with high humidity, plasterboard sheets are produced, covered with green cardboard with moisture-resistant additives and blue markings.
GKLO. In rooms with temperatures above normal, fire-resistant plasterboard produced by factories is used. It is covered with gray or red cardboard, and all technological inscriptions on its surface are made with red paint.
GKLVO. For rooms with high requirements for fire resistance and humidity (for example, for saunas), manufacturers produce fire-resistant and moisture-resistant plasterboard Green colour with red markings.

Standard sizes of gypsum board sheets

To meet all the demands of builders, factories produce a whole range of standard sizes of all types of plasterboard. The thickness of gypsum board sheets can vary widely:

for the manufacture of arched structures, gypsum boards with a thickness of 6.5 mm are produced;
for installation of ceilings and various boxes, sheets with a thickness of 8 are recommended; 9.5 mm;
for various wall structures, sheets with a thickness of 12.5 are produced; 14; 16; 18; 20; 24 mm.

Characteristics of the edges of gypsum board sheets

The most popular and widely used thickness options for gypsum board sheets are 6.5; 9.5; 12.5 mm. In addition, in industrially produced sheets, the edges themselves differ, which is important when making joints between sheets. The edges can be straight, rounded, thinned on one side, semicircular or semicircular and thinned on the front surface, cut at an angle of 45 degrees.

Dimensions and weight parameters

Manufacturers offer consumers various sizes of width and length of gypsum board sheets. As a rule, the width of the plasterboard sheet is 600 or 1200 mm, and its length can vary from 2000 to 4000 mm (50 mm increments).

The weight of gypsum board sheets can vary significantly: it depends directly on the thickness and type of sheet. The weight parameters of plasterboard are calculated according to the formula: the weight of 1 m2 is KxS (K - the indicator for ordinary and moisture-resistant plasterboard is no more than 1 kg per mm of thickness, for fire-resistant and moisture-resistant plasterboard it is from 0.8 to 1.06; S - an indicator equal to thickness in mm).

Technical characteristics of drywall

GOST 6266-97 normalizes the following properties of gypsum boards:

strength of plasterboard sheets according to breaking load: the maximum strength indicator is for a sheet of 12.5 mm - 322 N in the longitudinal; 105 N in transverse directions;
permissible deviations from geometric dimensions and the number of possible defects, according to which drywall belongs to class A or B;
The deflection of the gypsum board should be no more than 0.8-1.0 mm.

Plasterboard sheets of all types include:

to flammability group G1 (according to GOST 30244);
to flammability group B3 (according to GOST 30402);
to smoke-forming ability group D1 (according to GOST 12.1.044);
to toxicity group T1 (according to GOST 12.1.044).

Advantages

The wide range of produced types and varieties of material allowed it to take a leading position in construction market. Using, together with various sheets of plasterboard, a whole range of products ( wooden blocks, galvanized profiles, Various types putties and adhesives, reinforcing mesh and screws, dowels), you can perform an impressive amount of finishing work, equip suspended ceilings, false walls, partitions of any complexity, implementing the most creative design solutions.

Due to its environmental friendliness, a large number various standard sizes and types, ease of use, plasterboard sheets have confidently occupied their niche in the range of finishing materials.

Flaws

At the same time, although it has a large number of advantages, drywall has certain disadvantages that limit its use. In particular, it is not strong enough to withstand point loads, so it is not used as load-bearing structures. In addition, constant contact with water or open fire is contraindicated. Also, in the event of deformation or damage to plasterboard sheets, its repair is problematic, which, however, is compensated by the ease of replacing damaged sheets.

Be that as it may, drywall is one of the few modern materials that, when studying photos, video installations of which, as well as reviews, allows even a beginner to install a simple partition or level a wall.

Video

Anton Tsugunov

Reading time: 5 minutes

Drywall is a modern material for interior decoration, which is at the peak of its popularity today. The combination of great capabilities and affordable prices makes plasterboard sheets (GKL) an indispensable material for leveling walls, erecting interior partitions, designing door and window slopes, creating suspended ceilings, curved surfaces and structures of a wide variety of shapes. Let's consider the technical characteristics that a high-quality sheet of drywall should have in accordance with GOST requirements, and find out which types of material should be preferred for use in certain conditions.

70% of drywall presented on the Russian market is produced under the Knauf brand. Knauf plasterboard products comply with Russian standards GOST 6266-97 and GOST 32614-2012, as well as the German standard DIN 18 180.

GCR classification

The technical characteristics of plasterboard sheets depend on what type they belong to. According to GOST 6266-97, the following types of plasterboard are distinguished:

regular - denoted by the abbreviation GKL;
moisture resistant - gypsum plasterboard;
plasterboard with increased fire resistance - gypsum plasterboard;
a material that combines the properties of a moisture-resistant material and increased resistance to open fire - GKLVO.

A – drywall corresponding to standard plasterboard;
N – moisture-resistant gypsum boards;
F – fire-resistant boards;
D – slabs having a given density, which depends on operating conditions;
I – material with increased hardness;
E – facade slabs with low water absorption and minimal vapor permeability;
P – products intended for subsequent application of gypsum plaster or laying tiles;
R is a material with increased bending strength in any direction.

Standard or ordinary gypsum plasterboard (GSP-A according to the new GOST), which is also called construction or basic, is used more often than other types for finishing apartments. With its help, and wall frames made of metal and wood. It has a light gray surface and can only be used in rooms with normal humidity. Standard drywall.