For waterproofing such premises as swimming pools, reservoirs, damp basements, dense waterproof plaster is used - shotcrete plaster.
Shotcrete plaster is applied using a cement gun. The method of applying plaster with a cement gun is called shotcrete. Shotcrete takes place under high pressure compressed air, due to which the solution jet is given a high speed.
A layer of shotcrete plaster with a thickness of 15-25 mm, applied to the surface, is a fairly reliable waterproofing, since the applied mortar is strongly compacted. After 28 days of hardening in vivo Shotcrete plaster reaches a tensile strength of 15 kg/cm 3 .
Shotcrete plaster is applied using a unit, which includes a cement gun, an air cleaner, a water tank and a compressor. The main machine is the cement gun.
Cement guns come in various brands: SSSM-067, S-165A, S-165B, S-320A and 0-54. Regardless of the design of the cement gun, their principle of operation is the same.
The cement gun SSSM-067 (Fig. 128, a) consists of the upper 11 and lower 15 truncated cone-tanks, or chambers, fastened together.
Rice. 128. Section of cement guns:
a - cement gun SSSM-067, b - cement gun S-165B; 1 - engine, 2 - distribution plate, 3 - dry mix ripper, 4 - special tube, 5 - rubber gaskets, 6 - top bell, 7 - feed funnel, 8 - lever handle, 9 - top lever handle, 10, 13 - valves for supplying compressed air to the upper and lower chambers, 11 - upper cone chamber, 12 - lower lever handle, 14 - lower gate, 15 - lower cone chamber, 16 - pipe neck, 17 - pipe, 18 - upper chamber, 19 - down Cam
The upper tank has a loading funnel through which it is filled with a dry mix. A steel pipeline runs from the outside of the body; flexible hoses are connected to it from the compressor. These hoses supply compressed air to the cement gun.
The C-165B cement gun (Fig. 128, b) has the same device as the SSSM-067. It can also be used as a sandblaster for cleaning surfaces. various designs from dirt, soot, rust.
The air cleaner is necessary to clean the compressed air pumped by the compressor into the cement gun.
The air cleaner is a welded cylinder. In the upper part of the bottom there is an inlet pipe to which a hose is connected to supply compressed air from the compressor. The lid has an outlet pipe: an air hose is connected to it, supplying compressed air, purified from water and oil, to the cement gun. Inside the air cleaner, a porous porcelain filter is arranged, which cleans the air supplied by the compressor from dust, moisture and oil.
Before applying the shotcrete plaster, water is supplied to the nozzle at a pressure of 0.5 atm higher than the air pressure in the cement gun. This can be achieved by connecting a water hose to the water supply. If there is no water supply or there is very little pressure in it, then a special water supply tank is used, to which a compressor is connected, with which you can increase the pressure.
Rubber hoses are used to connect the cement gun, air cleaner, water tank and compressor, as well as to supply the workplace from the cement gun to the dry mix nozzle and from the water tank.
Hoses through which a dry cement-sand mixture is supplied are called material, through which air is supplied - air, and through which water is water. For strength, the hoses are reinforced with 3-5 layers of cord (special durable fabric). On the inside, the hoses are covered with soft wear-resistant rubber, and on the outside - with more rigid rubber, which protects them from bursting.
Material hoses are produced with a drameter of 25-38 mm. It is more expedient to use hoses with a diameter of 32 mm. The use of hoses of smaller diameter reduces the productivity of the cement gun and leads to the rapid formation of plugs.
Water hoses are used with a diameter of 13 mm. Separate links of hoses are connected by screw couplings. Couplings with hoses are fastened with rivets or bolts with a countersunk head. To prevent air from passing through the hoses, the connections must be strong and tight.
A nozzle is used to mix the dry mixture with water and apply the solution to the surface (Fig. 129). The nozzle consists of a housing 1 and an annular chamber with inserted mixers 2. The mixer is a ring with eight oblique-radial holes. A metal conical barrel 3 with an inner rubber liner 4 is attached to the mixer body from the front side, protecting the barrel from rapid abrasion. A material hose 5 is fastened on the rear side of the body with the help of a half-nut, through which a dry mixture is supplied to the nozzle.
Rice. 129. Nozzle for applying the solution:
1 - housing, 2 - mixer, 3 - conical barrel, 4 - rubber insert, 5 - material hose, 6 - branch pipe, 7 - valve, 8 - water hose
At the top, a pipe 6 with a valve 7 is attached to the body, a water hose 8 is connected to the valve. The water supplied from the pipe enters the mixing chamber in streams and, meeting with the cement-sand mixture, mixes - a solution is formed. The solution is ejected with force by compressed air from the nozzle to the surface, penetrates into all its irregularities and is firmly connected to it.
More advanced are the C-320A and 0-54 cement guns. They have water pumps that can supply water at the right pressure to the nozzle from any source. They can work without an air cleaner, which makes the unit more compact.
In addition, they are mobile continuous machines.
The C-320A cement gun (Fig. 130) is designed for applying a waterproofing layer on various surfaces, to clean them with an air-sand jet. It consists of a hopper 4, a housing, four wheels, a sluice drum 5, a dispenser 10 with a drive mechanism and a water pump. Hopper 4 has a mesh, which is necessary for the control screening of the dry mixture.
Rice. 130. Section of the C-320A cement gun:
1 - bracket ring, 2 - hopper base, 3 - stimulator, 4 - hopper, b, 9 - rubber gaskets, 6 - handwheel, 7 - sluice drum casing, 8 - sluice drum, 10 - dispenser
An electric motor is installed on the cement gun; it drives the dispenser and gear water pump, which supplies the nozzle with water.
Technical characteristics of the C-320A cement gun
The 0-54 Cement Gun is a scaled down C-320 Cement Gun. The performance of the cement gun 0-54 is lower. Its main purpose is to clean facades using air-sand and water-emulsion mixtures, as well as applying compacted plaster in one layer.
Technical characteristics of the cement gun 0-54
(TU 22-3705-76) consists of a loading hopper, a drum, a drive mechanism, a material hose, a control panel. For ease of movement, the cement gun is equipped with wheels and a drawbar (Fig. 30).
Rice. 30. Cement gun SB-117: 1 - control panel; 2 - frame; 3 - drawbar; 4, 6, 7 - taps; 5 - package switch; 8 - loading hopper; 9 - emphasis; 10 - material hose; 11 - drive mechanism; 12 - wheel.
Under the bunker, on the output shaft of the drive mechanism, a drum is installed. O-rings are provided in the upper and lower parts of the drum, fixed by cylindrical protrusions. The drum is closed by a casing, to which a stop is welded to fix the base of the hopper and prevent rotation. On the outer surface of the casing there are three folding clamping devices that press the rubber sealing discs to the drum through rubber shock absorbers. From below, an outlet pipe is attached to the plate, to which a material hose is connected.
During operation, the dry mixture is sieved on the hopper mesh and through the holes in the hopper base and the upper sealing disc enters the drum cells. The continuously rotating drum transfers the cells with the mixture to the loading hole of the lower sealing disc and further (through the hole in the plate) to the outlet pipe. The complete emptying of the drum cells is facilitated by compressed air supplied to the upper part of the cell through the base of the hopper. From the outlet pipe, the mixture enters the material hose, through which it is transported by means of compressed air supplied to the outlet pipe. At the end of the material hose, the dry mixture is wetted with water and applied as a sprayed mass onto the surface to be insulated.
Direct-flow diaphragm mortar pumps with pneumatic attachment(Fig. 31). During operation, the solution from the hopper is sucked into the working chamber and pushed out of it under a pressure of up to 0.6 MPa through a ball discharge valve into the mixing chamber, where it is picked up by compressed air coming from the fitting and enters the material hose through the swirler, on the cone of which a cone nozzle is fixed .
Rice. 31. Structural scheme of the installation "Pneumoconcrete": 1 - electric motor; 2 - pumping chamber; 3 - water; 4 - filling and safety device; 5 - rubber diaphragm; 6 - vibrating sieve, 7 - bunker; 8 - suction ball valve; 9 - baskets of ball valves; 10 - discharge ball valve; 11 - valve chamber; 12 - mixing chamber; 13 - flexible hose; 14 - swirler; 15 - nozzles for compressed air; 16 - mortar pump chamber; 17 - plunger; 18 - connecting rod; 19 - crankshaft; 20 - gears.
The plaster waterproofing device may include the operation of smoothing the surface of the plaster layer. For this, plastering and troweling machines SO-86A (TU 22-4244-78) and SO-112A (TU 22-4744-80) are used.
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TO ABTQPCNQMY CERTIFICATES1
Auto dependent. certificate No. —
Claimed on 21.111.1968 (No. 1231344 22-3) IPC E 21d 11/10 with attached application No. —
Hvmitet le affairs
UD K 622.26:693.546.5. .002.5 (088.8
Applicant
All-Union Research Mining and Metallurgical Institute of Nonferrous Metals
CEMENT - CONTINUOUS GUN
Known continuous cement guns, consisting of a frame, an electric motor, a gearbox, a supply tank, a vertical auger, an injection device, a blow chamber and a hose with co!!so! !.
However, such cement guns have a pulsating material supply, large overall dimensions and weight due to the complexity of the design, and poor performance.
In order to increase the efficiency of the cement gun, the driven stage of the gearbox is made with two gears independent of each other by placing the shaft of the vertical auger on the hollow shaft of the supply tank.
On the drawing isoopa»
It consists of an electric motor 1, a gearbox 2, mounted in a frame 3 of a tubular section, on which a casing 4 is fixed. Inside the casing there is a supply tank 5 with agitators 6. The supply tank is planted on the HB shaft of the vertical auger 7 through the driven gear of the gearbox and mounted in 'her bearing.
In the lower part of the pipe 8 of the screw, there is an injection device in the form of a spiral blade 9.
The cement gun works as follows. The rotation of the vertical screw 7 and the supply tank is carried out from the electric motor through a three-stage helical gearbox, providing times !! n! Angular velocities.
Construct! tiv110e Vypo, 111cnis rgd kpa is such that psrvs two stages of llll psrdachn have one gear ratio, and the third stage is divided into two gears independent of each other: (with a different number of revolutions on
1ð output (driven) shafts, t. with different gear ratios!! Yamn.
3This is achieved by placing the vertical auger shaft inside the hollow shaft of the feed tank.
The dry concrete mixture is loaded into the cement gun and continuously mixed with agitator mounted on the supply tank (. .
Getting into the supply tank, the dry mixture is directed by the spiral-shaped non-sliding lodr Nastya to the VRTIKALNYM SH!ISK, WHICH delivers ss to the blowing chamber 10.
From the blowing chamber, the dry mixture is blown out with compressed air and transported through the hose 11 to the nozzle 12, where it is moistened and p5 is forcefully applied to the fixed surface.
Subject of invention
Continuous cement gun, consisting of a frame, an electric motor, a gearbox, a feed tank, a vertical auger, 300620
Compiled by M. Trusova
Editor 3. I. Gorbunova Tekhred L. V. Kuklina Proofreader 3. I. Tarasova
Zach. 2563 Ed. No. 520 Circulation 473 Subscription
TsNIIPI of the Committee for Inventions and Discoveries under the Council of Ministers of the USSR
Moscow, K-35, Raushskaya pub, 4/5
CEMENT GUN- installation for spraying on the surface of building structures and structures of the solution and concrete mix- shotcrete, which is water resistant and increased performance strength, elasticity, fire resistance, frost resistance, acid resistance, etc. The cement gun is used in the construction and repair of hydraulic, industrial and civil structures, as well as a sandblasting machine.
The technological process of shotcrete consists in the introduction of a dry concrete mix through a cement gun feeder into a rubber hose, through which it is supplied to the place of work with a jet of compressed air. At the outlet of the hose, the mixture is moistened in a special nozzle with water, which is supplied under pressure from centrifugal pump or water tank through another hose. The moistened mixture flies out of the nozzle at a speed of 50-70 m / s, covers the surface, building up a layer of shotcrete on it. The main indicator of the cement gun is the dry mix capacity in m3/h.
The C-630A model cement gun has two chambers instead of a sluice drum: a sluice (upper) and a working (lower). The chambers are equipped with bell valves, with the help of which it is possible to load the upper chamber and transfer the mixture to the lower chamber without interrupting the process. The mixture is fed into the material hose by a poppet feeder located in lower chamber and rotated by an air motor. The design of the C-630A cement gun allows the use of aggregates with a particle size of up to 52 mm at a moisture content of up to 6-8%.
58 0
[TORCRETE-PUSHKA] - installation for spraying mortar or concrete mixture under pressure on the treated surfaces of structures
Meanings in other dictionaries
cement gun
device for applying structures and structures to the surface mortar and concrete mix (see Shotcrete). In the USSR, they produce C.-p. with a sluice drum (for a concrete mixture with an aggregate of no larger than 10 mm, a capacity of 1.5 m3 / h) (see Fig.) and with a lock chamber (for a concrete mixture with an aggregate of no larger than 25 mm, a capacity of 4 m3 / h). Horizontal distance...
cement gun
g. Pneumatic apparatus for applying smth. to a surface. a layer of cement or lime mortar supplied by a jet of compressed air. ...
cement gun
installation for spraying solution and concrete mixture (shotcrete) on the surface of structures and structures. It is used in the construction and repair of hydraulic engineering, industrial. and civil structures, as well as a sandblasting machine. Productivity C.-p. up to 6 m3/h, horizontal delivery distance up to 70 m. See fig. Cement gun...
Cement Alumina (Aluminate)
cement obtained by fine grinding of clinker, made by sintering rocks rich in alumina (bauxite) and limestone (or lime), with a predominance of low-basic calcium aluminates in the finished product. Differs in fast increase in durability. Varieties of aluminous cement: lime-ash, lime-pozzolanic, lime-slag, clinker-free slag. ...
